Topic : Anal festula

Feculty : Ayub khan

Group leader : Muhammad Talha
Group members : Akash,sajid
 Objectives
At the end of this presentation Lerner will be able to:
• Define of anal festula
• Define etiology of anal festula
• Pathopysiology of anal festula
• Manifestation of anal festula
• Diagnostic test of anal festula
• Complication & risk factors of anal festula
• Medical & surgical management of anal festula
• Nursing intervention of anal fastula
• Nursing diagnosis
 Anal festula
• Anal fistula is a tiny , tubular , fibrous tract that extends into the anal
canal from an opening located beside the anus
• . Fistulas usually result from an infection
• . Narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its
external opening in the skin near the anus .
 Etiology of anal festula
• Crohn’s disease
• Radiation
• Trauma
• Sexually transmitted disease
• Tuberculosis
• Diverticulitis ( a disease in which small pouches form in the large intestine and
become inflamed )
• Cancer
 Pathophysiology
• Infection or inflammation of the anal gland
• Abscess formation
• Spread infection through all layers of the wall of anal canal
• Perianal abscess formed
• O Collection of abscess burst to the exterior wall of perianal region .
• O Connection established called fistula O SLOVE
 Manifestations of anal festula
• Pus or stool may leak constantly from the cutaneous opening
• The passage of flatus or feces from the vagina or bladder , depending on the fistula tract
• Untreated fistulas may cause infection . Most common ones are : Pain Redness Swelling around your anus
• Pain
• Redness
• Swelling around your anus
 Diagnostic test for anal festula
• Physical examination
• Endo – anal ultrasound . . .
• Proctoscopy
• Anoscopy ( is an examination using a small , rigid , tubular instrument
called an anoscope . This is inserted a few inches into the anus in order to
evaluate problems of the anal canal . Anoscopy is used to diagnose
hemorrhoids , anal fissures , and some cancers . )
 Complications
• Surgery for an anal fistula always carries the ruk of complications The
chief postoperative complications include:
• • Infection Bowel incontınence Recurrence of the fistula
 Risk factors
• An anal fistula may umtates the outer tinsues or causes discomfort An anal
fistula may increase the risk of developing anal cancer. – Cigarette
smoking Smoking tobacto can cause harn throughout the body
 Medical management of anal festula
• Lifestyle modifacts.
• • Administrator Medicut Lashwethes, Antibiotics, Analgesics, Topical
Anesthesia
• • Provode Sets Bath.
 Surgical intervention of anal festula
• • Surgery is always recommended, because few fistulas heal
spontaneously.
• A fistulectomy is excision of the fistulous tract is the recommended
surgical procedure.
• During surgery, the sinus tract is identified by inserting a probe into it or
by injecting the tract with methylene blue solution. The fistula is dissected
out or laid open by an incision from its rectal opening to its outlet. The
wound is packed with gauze.
 Cont......
• • A fistulotomy, it’s usually only
suitable for fistulas that do not
pass through much of the
sphincter muscles.
 Nursing intervention of anal festula
• Provide high fiber diet.
• Encourage fluid intake of patient.
• Observe bowel pattern of patient.
• Observe discharge form fistula site and report.
• Prepare patient for surgery.
• Kept patient in side lying procedure to prevent form excessive anal pressure.
• Provide sitz bath, to promote soothing effect.
• Instruct patient to avoid constipation.
• Administer medications as order by doctor.
• Provide physical and emotional support to the patient.
 Nursing diagnosis
• Your physician can tisually diagnose an anal fistula by exanining the area
around the as. He or she will look for an external opening on the akin Your
physician may also order an Ultrasound or MRI of the anal area to better
define the fistula tract
 References
• https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/a/anal-fistula.html
• https://www.google.com/amp/s/slideplayer.com/amp/12839363/
• https://www.google.com/search?q=anal+fistula&oq=anal&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57
j69i59j0i273i433j0i67j0i67i433j0i67l2j0i67i433j0i20i263i512.1922j0j9&client=ms-a
ndroid-oppo-rvo3&sourceid=chrome-mobile&ie=UTF-8
• https://www.slideshare.net/UdaySankarReddy/fistula-inano-96415752
• https://www.google.com/search?q=surgical+intervention+of+anal+fistula&client=ms-
android-oppo-rvo3&prmd=inv&sxsrf=APq-WBua3gitZ9daGIwXNUwLMgn-
b5kemw:1646371438019&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiiy-
zF26v2AhXjMewKHWmFAm4Q_AUoAXoECAIQAQ&biw=360&bih=660&dpr=3