UPDATING OF URBAN TRANSPORT NETWORK

CASE STUDY: RIVERS STATE OF NIGERIA.

By
SALAUDEEN MARIAM
TITILOPE
(110405055)
In partial fulfilment of the
course SVY 808 [Advanced
Remote Sensing II]
Lecturer In-Charge:
PROF. J.B OLALEYE
 Presentation Outline

 Introduction

 Aim

 Objective

 Introduction

 Area of Study

 Methodology

 Data Acquisition

 Data Processing

 Results

 Conclusion/Recommendation
Introduction…
 Remote sensing is the collection of information relating to objects without being in
physical contact with them. It is the process of acquiring data/information about
objects/substances not in direct contact with the sensor, by gathering its inputs using
electromagnetic radiation or acoustical waves that emanate from the targets of interest
(Shaw & Burke, 2003; Teewu et al., 2005; Ali, 2010).
 
 Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern
industrial one. Kingsley Davis has explained urbanization as process [Davis, 1962] of
switch from spread out pattern of human settlements to one of concentration in urban
centers. Historical evidence suggests that urbanization process is inevitable and
universal.).
 Transportation is an integral part of economic development, which is used in
measuring the development of a country. Economic transformation, and indeed, the
development of any country are hardly possible without an efficient transport system,
(Salim, [2003] and Lingaitiene, [2006]). A good transportation network expands
economic activities by improving accessibility and facilitates movement of goods
including agricultural commodities in all the nooks and crannies of the country.
 Aim….

 The aim of this project

is to update urban
transport network using
remote sensing methods
taking a case study of
Rivers State, Nigeria.
Objective….
This will be achieved through the following objectives which includes:

 Acquiring the imagery of the state in the years specified at highest resolution available

 Carryout Image Enhancement

 Compute the Area of the state in SQ.KM

 Process and classify the imagery from one epoch to another into; transportation

infrastructure (Land, water, & air transport system)

 To produce annotated thematic map for Rivers state, Nigeria from one epoch to

another (2003-2019)
Area of Study…
Rivers State, also known simply as Rivers, is one of the 36 states of Nigeria
with longitude and latitude 4◦45’N 6◦50’E, in the South-South Geopolitical
zone of Nigeria with total land area of 11,077km2 and population density of
635.89/km2.
According to census data released in 2006, the state has a population of
5,198,716, making it the sixth most populous state in the country. Its capital and
largest city, Port Harcourt, is economically significant as the centre of Nigeria’s
oil industry. Rivers State is bounded on the South by the Atlantic Ocean, to the
North by Imo, Abia and Anambra States, to the East by Akwa Ibom State, and to
the West by Bayelsa and Delta State. It is home of many ethnic groups: Ijaw
Subgroups, Igbo Sungroups, Ogoni people and many other ethnic groups. The
people from Rivers State are known as “Riverians”. There are 23 Local
Government Areas (LGA) in Rivers State.
Area of study
 •METHODOLOGY

ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) is the

choice software application to process and analyze
the geospatial imagery. ENVI was chosen for this
project for its ease of use, data interoperability and
image processing capabilities. It easily combines
with ESRI products and this makes it unique.

ArcGis was also be used in the process.

•Data Acquisition
For the study area, Rivers State, 2019 Landsat imageries of WRS Path 188 Row
57 and Path 189 Row 57 were acquired from Glovis.usgs.gov online source and
the imagery is 30m resolution . The imageries captures dates were in Nov/Dec,
2019.
•Data Acquisition

SCENES DATA TYPE DATE SCALE SOURCE

1 LANDSAT Nov,2019 30TM GCLF/

GLOVIS/
USGS

2 LANDSAT Nov,2019 30TM GCLF/

GLOVIS/
USGS

3 LANDSAT Dec, 2019 30TM GCLF/

GLOVIS/
USGS

4 LANDSAT Dec, 2019 30TM GCLF/

GLOVIS/
USGS
•Data Acquisition
Preprocessing Procedure:

Before the creation of the imageries, preprocessing must occur. The preprocessing
procedure consists of the following steps:

Study area Path and Row identification using WRS2(World Reference

System)ascending.

Imageries downloading

Imageries unzipping.
 Data processing / Band Combination

With a focus to extract feature information of transport network such as Road network,
Rail network, Water Bodies and Airways transport systems, band combinations of 5 (for
red), 4 (for green) and 3 (for blue) was performed.

This band combination aids the easy extraction of transport features which are generally
difficult to extract from a large scene. The screenshots below is a reflection of the imagery
in the ENVI software environment.
Data / Image processing

The following includes steps taking to process the landsat image scenes for Rivers state, Nigeria.

Band 5,4, 3 combination on ENVI 5.0 Classic.

Data / Image processing

Saving image band composition as TIFF/Geo TIFF

Image Mosaic
In order to sufficiently cover the study area, there was the need to mosaic the four landsat scenes
(p188r056, p188r057, p189r056 and p189r057) as below. This was done in the ArcGIS Environment using
ArcToolbox navigate to “Data Management tools” >>“Raster” >> “Raster Dataset”>>”Mosaic to New
Raster”

Mosaicked Imagery of the scenes

Area Computation
Using the calculate geometry tool, the area of Rivers state was computed in square kilometer as seen
below.

Total Area of Rivers State: 11,077.6740 Sq. Km

Overlaying

After overlaying the vector data of River state over the mosaicked landsat imageries, there was the need to
perform an extraction operation to clip the study area while preserving the spatial and spectral properties
of the imagery. The ArcGIS extract by mask tool was used. Below is the clipped square of study area.
Using ArcToolbox navigate to “Spatial Analyst Tools” >>“Extractionr” >> “Extract By Mask”

Use of Clip tool in ArcMap 10.2 environment.

Clipping

Clipped to geometry extent imagery of Rivers state

Maximum Likelihood classification
Once this was done, the Mazimum Likelihood classifier function was
activated and the below shows dialogue boxes and input parameters
used for the classification.
Raster to Vector conversion
Furthermore, to convert raster to vector, each class is exported
individually to a vector file with “.evf” format as below. That means,
this operation is repeated four times, one for each.

Raster (GeoTIFF) to Vector (.evf )

Image Classification

Loaded shapefiles into the ArcMap 10.3 environment.

Data Analysis

Using ArcGIS 10.3 desktop

software, the area coverage
of each feature-type was
computed in square
kilometers as well as in
percentage. Below is a table
summary of each feature.
Data Analysis

Post Classification using ENVI’s Confusion Matrix.

Data Analysis

Data generated are analyzed in the table below:

Area in Km2 Area in (%) Area in Km2 Area in (%) Area in Km2 Area in (%) Area in Area in (%)
(2003) (2003) (2008) (2008) (2013) (2013) Km2 (2019) (2019)

Road network 1816.504 25.7% 1079.763 20.5% 1134.552 22.6% 2108.61 30.5%

Airways 1152.112 16.3% 1004.825 19.1% 1002.908 20.0% 1072.08 15.5%

Water Bodies 2953.779 41.8% 2228.257 42.3% 2044.641 40.8% 2732.64 39.6%

Rail network 184.2591 2.6% 99.1974 1.9% 82.9216 1.7% 66.35 1.0%
Chart Representation

Area Coverage in (%)

45

40

35

30

25
(%)

20

15

10

0
2003 2008 2013 2019
ANNOTATED THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE…

THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE SHOWING ITS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN 2003

ANNOTATED THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE…

THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE SHOWING ITS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN 2008

ANNOTATED THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE…

THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE SHOWING ITS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN 2013

ANNOTATED THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE…

THEMATIC MAP OF RIVERS STATE SHOWING ITS TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN 2019

FINDINGS

 Indeed, between the period of 2008 and 2019, there has been decrement in the

spatial expansion of Rivers State. There is a possibility of continual decrement

in this state over years.

 This may therefore suggest that the state has reduced in spatial expansion

which could lead to reduction in transportation system. Indeed, there have

been many disfunctioning road and rail system within this period. This may

therefore suggest that, the state government should take all the necessary

steps to make sure the state transport system is budgeted for so as to guarantee
FINDINGS

 After the initial reduction in road transport and rail transport between 2003 and 2008,

the state has witnessed a reduction in this class and indeed, may continue in this trend. It

will be in the good of the State and indeed, the Nation as a whole if they regulate rail

construction and also construct more road. For this projection to be realistic, it suggested

here that a deliberate attempt should be made by the State government to achieve this

since this will be a source of revenue to the State.

Recommendation
There should be a continuous environmental study of all state in
Nigeria for proper planning and update of previously acquired data.

The Federal government and the state government should invest

more in the area of Rail transportation in this area.

In the case of Rivers state, due to higher percentage of water bodies
area covered there is likely to be cases of pirate attack on the
waterways, we advice the government to enact a law guiding water
transportation in all local governments covering the state to enhance
security of the water ways in Rivers state.
Conclusion

Based the classification results, it can be concluded that the water

ways is the most favored means of transportation system in Rivers
state.

It can also be concluded that remote sensing is useful in updating the

transport network as it does not require physical presence in the
state.

Spatially and temporally explicit monitoring and evaluation assume

greater importance. The national spatial databases enabling
monitoring of temporal dynamics of agricultural ecosystems, increase
in mining, industrialization and urbanization, forest conversions,
surface water losses are lacking.
Conclusion

These kinds of databases are primarily important for national

accounting of natural resources and planning at regular intervals. It is
also necessary to perform reliable, verifiable and repeated national
monitoring of transport network system. This information can be
modelled and used for forecasting the transportation system changes
and their direct and indirect impacts which in turn evaluates the
societal consequences of the observed and predicted changes.

Finally it can contribute to the establishment of the operational

provision of data and information products, services, models and
tools for multiple users e.g., scientists, resource managers and policy
makers.
 THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING……….