AGGARWAL PUBLIC SCHOOL

PROJECT FILE
ON
SOAP AND DETERGENTS

SUBMITTED TO: MRS PRIYA GOYAL

SUBMITTED BY: SHYAM SUNDER

CLASS : XII-B
ROLL NUMBER:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 I WOULD LIKE TO CONVEY HEARTFUL THANKS TO MY
TEACHER MRS. PRIYA MAM WHO ALWAYS GAVE
VALUABLE SUGGESTIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR
COMPLETION OF MY RESPECT.
 SHE HELPED ME TO UNDERSTAND AND REMEMBER
IMPORTANT DETAILS OF THE PROJECT.PROJECTHAS BEEN
SUCCESS ONLY BECAUSE OF HIS GUIDANCE…….

 NAME OF THE STUDENT:

 CLASS :
 ROLL NO:
CERTIFICATE
 IT IS TO CERTIFY THAT SHYAM SUNDER STUDENT OF
AGGARWAL PUBLIC SCHOOL, FARIDABAD HAS
COMPLETED HIS PROJECT FILE UNDER MY SUPERVISION.
HE HAS TAKEN PROPER CARE AND SHOWN ALMOST
SINCERITY IN COMPLETION OF HIS PROJECT
 I CERTIFY THAT HIS PROJECT IS UP TO MY EXPECTATIONS
AS PER THE GUIDELINES ISSUED BY CBSE.

 PRINCIPAL: TEACHERS:
INTRODUCTION
 SOAPS AND DETERGENTS ARE USED FOR
WASHING.
 IT DISSOLVES DIRT,BUT SOME DIRT WILL NOT
DISSOLVE IN WATER.
 SOAPS AND DETERGENTS HELP WATER TO
REMOVE DIRT.
WHAT IS A SOAP ?
 SOAP IS A SODIUM SALT OR POTASSIUM SALT OF
LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS THAT HAS
CLEANSING ACTION IN WATER.
STRUCTURE OF SOAP
REACTION OF SOAP WITH SODIUM
HYDROXIDE:
HOW DOES SOAP CLEAN……..
 Soap dissolves in water. A soap molecules has a long
hydrocarbon end and a short ionic end containing
coona+. The non ionic hydrocarbons end has property to
repel water. The ionic end has property to attract water.
This end attaches itself to water. The hydrocarbons end
attaches to the dirt or grease to form structure called
“micelles”.
SEE HOW DIRT IS REMOVED…..
WHAT ARE DETERGENTS ?
 A detergent is a surfactant or mixture of surfactants that has cleaning
properties in dilute solution with water. A detergent is similar to soap, but
with a general structure R-SO4-, Na+, where R is a long-chain alkyl group.
Like soaps, detergents are amphiphilic, meaning they have both
hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Most detergents are
akylbenzenefulfonates. Detergents tend to be more soluble in hard water
than soap because the sulfonate of detergent doesn't bind calcium and other
ions in hard water as easily as the carboxylate in soap does.
SOAP VS DETERGENTS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
DETERGENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 GOOGLE
 BOOKS

 NCERT CLASS 12 CHEMISTRY

 COMPREHENSIVE CHEMISTRY