TENSE AND

ASPECT
 BASIC CONCEPTS: TENSE AND
ASPECT
TENSE
how English grammar allows us to locate events in time (tense)

ASPECT
in relation to the time of speaking or writing, and aboutgrammatical
signals reganding the sender's notions of how an event isdistributed in time
(aspect)
for instance, is it viewed as ongoing, orrepeated, or characterised as compressed to
a point?
for example When I told people I was spending time with farmers, they'd say:how
can you stand it, they just complain all day and they've always got their hand out.
TENSE
 Aspect

Tense is about inflectional pointers to the position of events relative

to the time of utterance.

Habituality and simple aspect

The adverb nowadays triggers habitual interpretations of present
tense clauses, for instances:
a. She loves music nowadays. (state)
b. He drinks decaffeinated coffee nowadays. (activity)
c. Little Maurice brushes his teeth by himself nowadays
(accomplishment)
d. The clown pops the balloon nowadays. (achievement)
 progressive aspect
The progressive aspect (or continuing aspect
as it's sometimes called) is the aspect of a verb
that expresses an on-going action. Progressive
aspect is the collective term for verbs (past,
present, or future) in a progressive tense. (This
means the perfect progressive tenses too.) For
example, past perfect progressive refers to
something that started in the past but
continues into the future.
 perfect aspects
The perfect aspect (or complete aspect as it's sometimes called) is the aspect of a verb that expresses a
completed action.In other words, "perfect aspect" is the collective term for all the verbs (in the past
tense, present tense, or future tense) in a perfect tense.

We use perfect aspect to look back from a specific time and talk about things up to that time or about
things that are important at that time.

Example Sentences of Perfect Aspect

Perfect Aspect, Present Tense:

“I’ve fixed your doorbell.”
(Saya telah memperbaiki bel pintumu)

Perfect Aspect, Past Tense:

“He had locked my door before he left.”
(Dia telah mengunci pintu saya sebelum dia pergi.)
Present, past and
future
 Present

the tense called present is used with reference to events and states that occur or exist
in a period of time that includes the time of utterance. Presents form are also used
for timeless truths, meaning the use of present form is not making a restricted claim
about what happen now, today, or this year.
 EXAMPLE :
A. At sea level, water boils at 100 ` C

B. Every dark cloud has a silver lining

C. You arrive in Australia in time for the

Melbourne cup next year.
D. Next Wednesday iam examining in
Newcastle
 Past

The past tense is used for actions that started and ended at a specific
point in time. In other word the Past tense is used for communications
about event and states located in time before the time of utterance. It is
formed by adding “-ed” to the infinitive form of the verb. For most verbs
in English, simply add “-ed” to the end of a verb to form the past tense.
 EXAMPLE :
a. we ate at 7 o’clock in this morning

b. I heard it on a bulletin yesterday.

 Historical present

In English grammar, the "historical present" is the use of a verb phrase in the present
tense to refer to an event that took place in the past. In narratives, the historical
present may be used to create an effect of immediacy. Also called the "historic
present, dramatic present, and narrative present.
it Is a way of describing a past event vividly but using a presnt form to do so.
 EXAMPLE :
“ if we introduced propotional
respresentation , thre’d be more coalition
governments. “
 Present

future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as
not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future. Any action that is
scheduled to happen in the future comes under the agenda of the future tense. Like
any other tense, Future Tense too can be detected by the verb form and the
auxiliaries used.
 EXAMPLE :
A. A small rise in the sea-level and Kiribati
will disappear under the pacific.
B. he’s going to stay at home and look after
the kids.
C. iam going to work.
 Tense and adverbials

Past, present and future have links with various deictic adverbials.
English tenses are used with adverbs and adverbial phrases that indicate the time of
the action, for example, yesterday, now, often, tomorrow, an hour ago, last week.
Adverbs of time and adverbial phrases of time are often called “time expressions”.
Certain adverbs of time and adverbial phrases of time require certain tenses. For
example, yesterday or last week, would use the past tense. The connection between
the tense and its adverbs and adverbial phrases of time is something that can’t be
ignored. In fact, understanding this connection is the key to correct use of English
tenses.
 EXAMPLE :
A. I have just seen him.

B. I saw him a minute ago.

C. He left soon

D. I usually buy bread in this store.

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 Ways to prevent it
Healthy snacks Non-food rewards
Mercury is the closest planet to the Venus is terribly hot, even hotter
Sun and the smallest one in the than Mercury, and its atmosphere is
Solar System extremely poisonous

New foods Enough sleep

Earth is the third planet from the Saturn is composed mostly of
Sun and the only one that harbors hydrogen and helium. It was named
life in the Solar System after a Roman god
 “
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”
—Someone famous
 Table of contents

Objectives Methodology
01 You can describe the topic of
the section here
02 You can describe the topic of
the section here

Result analysis Conclusions

03 You can describe the topic of
the section here
04 You can describe the topic of
the section here
 01
Introduction
You can enter a subtitle here if
you need it
 Study objectives

Prevalence Risk factors Prevention

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun and the and is the second planet actually a cold place. It’s
smallest of them all from the Sun full of iron oxide dust
Average BMI in children
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
 Literature review

Theory 1 Theory 2
Venus has a beautiful name Mercury is the closest
and is the second planet planet to the Sun and the
from the Sun smallest of them all
 Schedule
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Phase 1
Task 1

Task 2

Phase 2
Task 1

Task 2
41,000,000
Number of overweight children under
the age of five
02 Methodology
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 Methodology

Research Analysis
Venus is the second planet Jupiter is the biggest planet
from the Sun in the Solar System

Data study Comparison

Despite being red, Mars is a Saturn is a gas giant and has
cold place several rings
A picture is
worth a
thousand
words
 Obesity risks
Now Later

Depression Cancer
Jupiter is the biggest Neptune is the farthest
planet of them all planet from the Sun

Diabetes Heart disease

Saturn is composed of Venus is the second planet
hydrogen and helium from the Sun
 Table
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
01 Describe your metrics here

02 Describe your metrics here

03 Describe your metrics here

04 Describe your metrics here

 Key numbers

33% 25% 30%

Of children and adolescents Of obese adults were obese Of kids eat some kind of
are overweight or obese in their childhood fast food everyday
Awesome
words

Diet
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
Psychological
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest in
the Solar System
Risk factors
No exercise
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust
Socioeconomic
Earth is the third planet from
the Sun and the only one that
harbors life
Family
Saturn is composed mostly
of hydrogen. It was named
after a Roman god
Medication
Neptune is the fourth-largest
planet by diameter in the
Solar System
 Physical complications
Joint pain
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
Bad cholesterol
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust

Diabetes Liver disease Asthma

Mercury is the closest planet Saturn is composed mostly of Earth is the third planet from
to the Sun and the smallest in hydrogen and it was named the Sun and the only one that
the Solar System after a Roman god harbors life
 Results analysis
Obesity prevalence
$147 billion
The total cost of obesity in the
United States

96%
Of elementary schools offer no
physical education classes

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Solutions

Eat better Get active

Venus has a beautiful name Mercury is the closest
and is the second planet planet to the Sun and the
from the Sun smallest of them all

No idleness Sleep better

Despite being red, Mars is Earth is the third planet
actually a cold place. It’s from the Sun and the only
full of iron oxide dust one that harbors life
Conclusions

Conclusion 1
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the
only one that harbors life in the Solar System

Conclusion 2
Venus is terribly hot, even hotter than Mercury,
and its atmosphere is poisonous
Bibliographical references

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Publisher.
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Publisher.
● AUTOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
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