Program: B. Tech.

, CSE/IT, 6Sem , 3 Year

IT604
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Unit No:1
Software Product & Process
“itrative and prototype”
Jan-June, 2022 / Lecture-10

Ravi parashar
Assistant Professor , Computer Science & Engineering
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 OUTLINES
• Prerequisites

• Iterative Model
Advantages & Disadvantages of Iterative Model

• Prototype Model
Advantages & Disadvantages of Prototype Model

• Student Effective Learning Outcomes

• Learning Outcomes
• References

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 Prerequisites

• Knowledge the concept of SDLC

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 ITERATIVE MODEL

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 Iterative Model
• An iterative life cycle model does not attempt to start with a full
specification of requirements.

• Iterative and Incremental development is a combination SDLC.

• The Iterative Model allows the accessing earlier phases, in which

the variations made respectively.

• The final output of the project renewed at the end of the Software
Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process.
SELO: L1,L2,L4 R2,R3
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 Iterative Model

SELO: L1,L2,L4 R2,R3

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 Iterative Model

SELO: L1,L2,L4 R2,R3

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 When to use the Iterative Model?

• When requirements are defined clearly and easy to understand.

• When the software application is large.

• When there is a requirement of changes in future.

SELO: L1,L2,L4 R2,R3

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 Advantage(Pros) of Iterative Model:

• Testing and debugging during smaller iteration is easy.

• A Parallel development can plan.

• It is easily acceptable to ever-changing needs of the project.

• Risks are identified and resolved during iteration.

• Limited time spent on documentation and extra time on designing.

SELO: L1,L3,L4 R2,R3

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 Disadvantage(Cons) of Iterative Model:
• It is not suitable for smaller projects

• More Resources may be required.

• Design can be changed again and again because of imperfect

requirements.

• Requirement changes can cause over budget.

• Project completion date not confirmed because of changing

requirements.

R2,R3
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SELO: L1,L3,L4
 PROTOTYPE MODEL

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 WHAT IS PROTOYPE?
• Prototype is the process of quickly putting together a working
model (a prototype) in order to test various aspects of a design.

• A Prototype is an early sample or model built to test a concept

or process or to act as a thing to be replicated or learned from.

• A prototype is a model or a program which is not based on

strict planning, but is an early approximation of the final
product or software system

SELO: L1,L2 R2,R3

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 PROTOTYPE MODEL
Proto
Typing
Initial Customer
Design
Requirements Evaluation

Review &
Updation

Maintain Test Development

SELO: L1,L2 R2,R3

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 Steps of Prototyping Model
• Requirements Gathering and Analysis:
A prototyping model begins with requirements analysis, and the

requirements of the system are defined in detail.

• Quick Design:
 When requirements are known, a preliminary design or quick

design for the system is created.

• Build Prototype :
Information gathering from quick design is modified to form a
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prototype. SELO: L1,L2 R2,R3
 Cont…
• Customer Evaluation:
After delivering the system developer needs to provide training

about how to use the system.

• Review And Update:

 There might be also change in input data or system environ-
ment.

 After customer is satisfied final design and further process is carried

out.
 This model doesn't include all the features but provides client basic
SELO: L1,,L3 R2,R3
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 Types Of Prototype Model
 Throw away/Rapid Prototyping

 Throw away prototypes are useful way of exploring ideas and

gaining feedback from end-user.

 Evolutionary Prototyping

 Incremental Prototyping

 Extreme Prototyping

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R2,R3
 Need of prototype Model
• A prototype is made.
Completely built sample model is shown to user and based on
his feedback .
• Prototypes are an essential part of the design process:
realizing a design in a physical form.
• Beneficial in proving whether a new product is viable, in terms of its
 mechanical,
 electronic and
ergonomic design.

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 Need of prototype Model

Having a working prototype demonstrates the benefits of

• your idea to industry,

• in a convincing way,

• to help inspire confidence in the idea.

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 Advantages of Prototype model
• Reduces development time.

• Reduces development cost.

• Requires user involvement.

• Missing functionality can be identified easily.

• Encourages innovation and flexible designs.

• Results in higher user satisfaction.

• Good guarantees of success.

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SELO: L1,L3,L4 R2,R3
 Cont..
• It is very simple model so it is easy to understand.

• No need of specialize experts require to build model.

• It is flexible so easy to modified the model.

• High user involvement to build the model.

• It is faster then other models.

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 Disadvantage of Prototype model
• Insufficient analysis

• User confusion of prototype and finished system

• This model is time consuming and expensive

• The developer loses focus of the real purpose of prototype and

compromises on the quality of the product .

• Prototyping can lead to false expectations.

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 Cont…

• The primary goal of prototyping is rapid development.

• Developer misunderstanding of user objectives.

• Expense of implementing prototyping.

• Excessive development time of the prototype

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 Applications
• Software Prototyping is most useful in development of systems
having high level of user interactions such as online systems.
• Systems which need users to fill out forms or go through various
screens before data is processed can use prototyping very
effectively to give the exact look and feel even before the actual
software is developed.
• Software that involves too much of data processing & most of the
functionality is internal with very little user interface does not
usually benefit from prototyping.
• Prototype development could be an extra overhead in such projects
and may need lot of extra efforts.

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 Quiz

Q.1 To refine requirement for the software, prototype model use.

a) Feedback
b) Quick plan
c) construction
d) Quick design

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 Answer

Q.1 To refine requirement for the software, prototype model use.

a) Feedback
b) Quick plan
c) construction
d) Quick design

SELO: L1,L2,L3,L4
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 Student Effective Learning Outcome

1. Ability to solve problems through application of theoretical &

practical concept.

2. Design thinking ability.

3. Application of concepts of topic & it’s technological application.

4. Knowledge and ability for effective professional

communication.

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 Learning Outcomes
Upon satisfactory completion of the course, the learner should be able
to:

1. Understand the Flow of the steps of Iterative Model.

2. Importance of prototype model.

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 References

1. Pankaj Jalote ,”An Integrated Approach to Software Engineering”,

Narosa Pub, 2005
2. Rajib Mall, “Fundamentals of Software Engineering” Second
Edition, PHI Learning
3. R S. Pressman ,”Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach”,
Sixth edition2006, McGraw-Hill.
4. Sommerville,”Software Enginerring”,Pearson Education.
5. Richard H.Thayer,”Software Enginerring & Project Managements”,
WileyIndia

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