Spars and derricks

Capt. K. De Baere
 Spars
• Rondhouten
• Espars
 Spars - definition
• Metal construction (cylindrical or square) to
support cargo handling gear, navigation lights,
radio antennas, flags and sails etc.
• Samson posts (mâtereau) – light construction
often used to support radar or radio antennas, deck
lightening also used as ventilation shaft
• Derrick posts (mât) – Heavier construction used
to support the derricks
• Derrick (mât de charge)
Older ship
 Rondhouten - Espars
1. Fokkemast – mât de 8. Vlaggestok – mât de
misaine pavillon
2. Fokkesteng – mât de hune
9. Guesstok – mât de
3. Grote mast – grand mât
pavillon d’étrave
4. Grote steng – grand mât de
hune
5. Laadpalen – mât ou
mâtereau
6. Laadboom – mât de charge
7. Gaffel – corne de vergue
 Staand tuig – Le
gréement dormant

A. Voorstag – l’étais de F. Grootsteng gestag – l’étais

misaine du petit mât de hune
B. Voorstengstag –l’étais G. Grootwant – les
de petit mât de hune manœuvres dormantes du
grand mât
C. Fokkewant – les
manœuvres dormantes H. Grootstengpardoen –
galhauban
du mât de misaine
I. Achterstag – hauban
D. Voorstengpardoen –
galhauban(s) J. Knikstag
E. Grootstag – l’étais du K. Schoorsteenstagen – les
étais de la cheminée
grand mât
Terminology ? – I think we are
lucky
 Lopend tuig – le gréement
courant
L. Boomhangers –
martinets
M. Antenne – l’antenne
N. Vlaggelijnen - drisses
Idem dito !
 Spars on a more modern coaster

1. Geusstok – jack staff 4. Kraanmast – pedestal +

slewing bearing + crane house
2. Fokkemast – foremast
5. Radarmast and Christmastree
3. Kraanarmmik – jib
support 6. Vlaggestok - flagstaff
 Masts (mât) and Samson
(mâtereau) posts
• On modern shipping very little standing
rigging (gréement dormant) is used to keep
the decks as free as possible
• Masts on general cargo ships are a lot
heavier than on passenger ships or tankers
• Masts are self supporting and are passing
through upper- and tweendecks
Parts of a modern mast – passing through
several decks
Mastkloot
Pomme de mât

Steng
Le mât de hune

Zadel
Cross tree

Ondermast
Bas-mât
 Parts of a modern mast
• Cross tree also serves as crow’s nest (nid de pie)
• Cross tree is used to fix the mast head span blocks
(poulie de martinet)
• On a certain height above deck derrick supports
are provided (to make the derricks sea fast)
• Mast, samson posts, derrick supports are often
combined with ventilation shafts, deckhouses (des
roufs) and entrances to the cargo holds (cales)
beneath
A. Square mast – not
supported
B. Samson posts
(mâtereau)
C. Ventilation shaft
(conduit de
ventilation) also used
as derrick support
D. Heavy lift derrick
(boom) (grosse
bigue)
E. Sea position of the
derricks
 Derrick - definition
• A derrick is a lifting device composed of one mast or
pole which is hinged freely at the bottom. It is
controlled by (usually 4) lines powered by some such
means as man-hauling or motors, so that the pole can
move in all 4 directions. A line runs up it and over its
top with a hook on the end,
• The device was named after Thomas Derrick, an
English executioner (beul – bourreau) from the
Elizabethan era because of its resemblance of the
frame from which a hangman's noose (strop – corde)
hangs.
 a. Derrick
b. Heel fitting +
gooseneck trunnion
F
c. Derrick head
d. Mast head span eye
fitting
e. Mast head span
block
f. Span rope
g. Monkey face
h. Span chain
i. Topping lift
j. Snatch block
k. (k-l-m-r) clew lines
– Slewing guy
p. Cargo runner
q. Load hook
a. Derrick a. Laadboom
b. Heel fitting + gooseneck b. Lummelpot met lummel
trunnion
c. Derrick head
c. Nok van de boom
d. Mast head span eye fitting
d. Hangeroog aan de mast
e. Mast head span block
e. Hangerblok
f. Topping lift – span rope
f. Hanger
g. Monkey face
g. Walmplaat
h. Span chain
h. Hangerketting
i. Topping rope
i. Boomtopper
j. Snatch block
j. Voetblok
k. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing
k. (k-l-m-r) boomgeien
guy
n. Cargo block
n. Cargo blok
o. Heel lead block
o. Rammelblok
p. Cargo runner
p. Laadreep
q. Load hook
q. Laadhaak
a. Derrick a. Mât ou corne de charge
b. Heel fitting + gooesneck b. Ferrement de pivot de pied de
trunnion corne
c. Derrick head c. Tête de corne
d. Mast head span eye fitting d. Support de poulie de retour
e. Mast head span block e. Poulie de retour ou poulie de
f. Topping lift – span rope martinet
f. Palan de suspente - martinet
g. Monkey face
g. Trèfle ou pallonier
h. Span chain
h. Chaine d’apiquage
i. Topping rope
i. Cable d’apiquage
j. Snatch block j. Poulie de retour
k. (k-l-m-r) clew lines – Slewing k. (k-l-m-r) pantoires de
guy brassage
n. Cargo block n. Poulie de levage
o. Heel lead block o. Poulie de retour
p. Cargo runner p. Cartahu – câble de levage
q. Load hook q. Crochet de levage
 Légende de la figure
a) Mât de charge ou corne i) Queue de martinet
de charge j) Polie de retour
b) Crapaudine k) Palan de garde
c) Poulie de retour o) Poulie de charge
d) Mâterau p) Cartahu
e) Poulie de martinet q) Crochet de charge
f) Martinet r) Treuil de charge
g) Maille d’assemblage
h) Chaîne de martinet
 Legende van de figuur
a) Laadboom i) Boomtopper
b) Lummel j) Voetblok
c) Voetblok of rammelblok k) Boomgeien
d) Mast o) Laadblok
e) Hangerblok p) Laadreep
f) Hanger q) Laadhaak
g) Walmplaat r) Laadlier
h) Hangerketting
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux
palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes
Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à deux
palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

1.Portal mast, mât portique

2.Cross tree (or upper transverse beam), hunc (ou traverse supérieure). 
3.Mast head cargo lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de
retour de levage en tête de mât.
4.Mast head span bearing bracket, support de marionnette d’apiquage en tête de mât.
5.Mast head span lead block bearing bracket, support de marionnette de poulie de
retour d’apiquage en tête de mât.
6.King post, mâtereau support de bigue.
7.Heavy derrick boom, bigue.
8.Derrick head span fitting, ferrement d’attache des palans d’apiquage en tête dc
bigue.
9.Derrick head cargo fitting, ferrement d’attache du palan de levage en tête de bigue.
 Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à
deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

10. Derrick heel fitting, ferrement de pied de bigue.

11. Gooseneck trunnion, pivot dc pied dc bigue.
12. Cargo winch, treuil de levage (ou treuil de charge).
13. Cargo runner (or cargo rope, or hoisting rope, or lifting rope, or cargo fall), câble
de levage, (ou câble de hissage, ou cartahu, ou garant de charge).
14. Mast head cargo lead block, poulie de retour de levage en tête de mât.
15. Cargo lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour de levage.
16. derrick head built in sheave, réa incorporé en tête de bigue
17. Shackles, manilles
18. upper cargo (purchase) block (or derrick head cargo (purchase) block), poulie
haute de levage (ou moufle supérieure de levage (ou moufle) supérieure de levage)
19. Lower cargo block (or lower cargo purchase block), poulie basse de levage (ou
moufle inférieure de levage).
 Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à
deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

20. Becket, ringot.

21. Ramshorn hook, crochet double.
22. Cargo tackle, palan de levage.
23. Span winches (used also for slewing motions), treuils d’apiquage (utilisés
également pour les mouvements de brassage).
24. Span ropes, câbles d’apiquage.
25. Mast head span lead block, poulie de retour d’apiquage en tête de mât
26. Span lead block trunnion, marionnette de poulie de retour d’apiquage.
27. Derrick head span (purchase) block (or lower span (purchase) block), poulie (ou
moufle) d’apiquageen tête dc bigue (ou poulie basse d’apiquage, ou muoufle
inférieure d’apiquage).
28. Span triangle plate. trèfle (ou palonnier) d’apiquage.
29. swivel, émerillon
 Twin span derrick for heavy loads – Mât de charge à
deux palans d’apiquage pour charges lourdes

30. Span block trunnion, marionnette d’apiquage.

31. Double connecting fork, chape double de liason
32. Mast head span (purchase) block (or upper span (purchase) block), poulie
(ou moufle) d’apiquage en tête de mât (ou poulie basse d’apiquage ou
mofle supérieure d’apiquage ).
33. Span/slewing tackles, palans d’apiquage/brassage
Derricks - details
• Derricks are
constructed out of
Mannesman tubes
• Mannesman tubes
have a larger diameter
in the middle
• The bending moment
(contrainte de
flexion)is the greatest
in the middle
 Derrick Heel Gooseneck Fitting
Ferrement de pivot de pied de corne
Lummel (crapaudine), lummelpot en bevestiging
rammelblok (poulie de retour)
 Derrick Heel Gooseneck
Fitting
Ferrement de pivot de pied
de corne
Lummel, lummelpot en
bevestiging rammelblok
(poulie de retour)
Derrick head
A. Mast head with provisions for
the slewing guys (gardes –
palans de brassage)
B. Mast head support
C. Span rope (to hold the derrick
in a certain position)(câble
dormant d’apiquage ou
martinet)
D. Cargo block
E. Slewing guys (gardes –
pantoires – palans de
brassage))
F. Topping lift (to change the
elevation of the derrick)(palan
de suspente)
 Span block fitting

• The hanger block (poulie de martinet) must be

attached so it can follow the movements of the derrick
Running hanger – topping lift
• Heavy steel wire
• One end is attached at the
mast head, the other end
goes to the the topping
winch
a. Saw tooth drum edge
(bords dentés du tambour)
b. Blocking device (barre de
bloquage avec poignée)
c. Topping lift (Queue
d’apiquage -> cargo winch)
d. Span rope (martinet)
 Topping/lowering a derrick
• Topping lift is fastened on f.i. on a cargo winch or
topping winch
• When topping (heaving) the blocking bar rattles the
indents on the drum edge
• When the correct elevation has been reached the
blocking falls behind the indents
• When slacking the topping lift the tension is transferred
to the the span rope
• If you want to lower the derrick the tension is
transferred to the cargo winch by means of the topping
lift. Hence the blocking bar can be lifted and the topping
lift and span rope slacked
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead
Blocks
• Used to guide the
cargo runner (cartahu)
• SWL of the block =
SWL on a single cargo
runner
• The point of
suspension (point de
soutien) of the block
(poulie) will carry
twice this weight
Cargo Blocks and Heel lead
Blocks
 Lower cargo
blocks (poulie
de levage
inferieur) and
load hooks
Safety hooks and
variations
Cargo hooks (crochet de leave) –
1 sheave (réa)
Cargo hook – 2 sheaves (réa)
Different Cargo
hooks
Heavy Duty
models
 Velle Derrick => 1 man operation
• Derricks are provided with
2 double topping/slewing
guys (gardes – palans de
brassage)
• Slewing guys: If one is
slacked and the other one is
heaved at the same time the
derrick swings in the
direction of the rope being
shortened.
• Both slewing guys are
directed to the same slewing
winch but are mounted in
opposite directions
Topping winch Slewing Winch
Treuil d’apiquage Treuil de brassage
Same Sense Opposite sense
Velle Derrick
• Both other ends of the
slewing/topping guys are
directed to the topping
winch but here they are
mounted in the same
sense. If the winch is
operated both are turning
in the same direction and
the derrick is lowered or
heaved up

• Spreader = Traversin =
dwarsbalk
 Velle
Derrick
Velle Derricks
MV Advantage
• 1 Stulcken derrick
150 MT
• 4 Velle derricks
35MT
Velle Derrick
Velle Derrick
 Hallen
Derrick
Similar working principle
to the Velle Patent.
No Spreader (traversin) –
Function has been taken
by the very typical
construction at the top of
the mast
Hallen Derrick
Hallen
Derrick
Heavy lift derricks
• Fully rigged heavy lift
derrick in upright
position (la grosse
bigue avec gréement
complet)
Heavy Lift Derrick
Stulcken Patent
 Heavy Lift
Derrick
Stulcken Patent
Stulcken 105 ton
Stulcken 150 ton
 Revolving Cranes
• In revolving cranes, the entire topping moment
(moment de suspente ou d’apiquage) that is working on
the crane is transferred to the ship’s construction via
the slewing bearing (roulement de rotation). This
system, however, is not suitable for very large forces
like the ones on heavy lift ships. Instead, derricks (mast
cranes) are still used.
• A feature of a mast crane is that the crane is built on a
heavy, fixed mast. The jib is attached in two places to a
slewing platform.
 Revolving Cranes
• The pulley block and the fixed top blocks (poulie de
retour – poulie du martinet) (hangerblok &
rammelblok) are located in the top of the mast. The top
of the mast is free to rotate relative to the mast
foundation and rotates together with the jib (flèche).
The derricks described here often have no crane cabin.
The crane is remote­controlled by a control panel that
either lies somewhere or is strapped onto the shoulders
of an operator. The cranes depicted here are all driven
electrically.
 Mast Cranes
• The hook block (poulie de levage) is made so heavy that
it slacks (larguer) itself. This is necessary, but requires
a large weight because the runner (cartahu) is a very
thick and therefore tough steel cable that does not slack
easily.
 2 Mast
Cranes
Working A
Heavy
Piece Of
Cargo in
Tandem
Mast Cranes
 Legend
1. Mast 7. Slewing bearing
2. Jib 8. Mast foundation
3. Topping lift & running 9. Hatch
part of the hoisting 10. Anti-heeling tanks
rope
11. Top of the mast
4. Hook Block
5. Cargo Hook
6. Hook of auxiliary hoist