The features Of

Bones And
Joints
Sanae Silvera 11j
Shannay Mckenzie 11j
Relate the structure of a long bone to
its function; include the labelling of
diagram.
Distinguish between bone and cartilage,
include characteristics and its function.

Bones Tough collagen fibres  Hard ,rigi Protect, support, attach

embedded in a hard d muscles to act as levers for
matrix of calcium movement
phosphate

Cartilage Cells secrete a tough Cushion- Spreads loads, reduces

flexible matrix like friction, flexible movement,
covering e.g. in trachea
bone 
Distinguish between tendons and ligaments;
include characteristics and functions.

White fibrous Tough and do not

Tendons  collagen in matrix stretch  Connect muscle to bone
Ligaments  Yelllow elastin fibres in Contract and shorten Join bone to bone,allowing
matrix movement at the joint
Discuss the types of
joints; include  Hinge Joints  - https://youtu.be/fBGu1U5YzSM

definition,types, 
Fixed Joints - https://youtu.be/dAUBDy_WT4w
Synovial Joints – freely moveable joints which is
location and characterized by the presence of an
articular cavity filled with  synovial fluid
characteristics surrounded by a joint capsule.
of joints –  Ball And Socket Joints - Allows universal
movement in all planes, eg the arm at the
hinge,fixed,synovial shoulder move in all directions within a circle.

and ball and socket.

Describe movement in the hinge and ball and socket
joints; include flextion and extension.

 Ball And Socket - https://youtu.be/zP026ZoeG6M

 Hinge Joints - https://youtu.be/ltMSn5Gle04
 In the movement of a
limb skeletal muscles
Explain how skeletal relax & contract.
muscles function in the Antagonistic muscle pair
movement of a limb; is when one muscle
Include labelling of contract and the other
diagrams; the role of relaxes or lengthens. The
antagonist muscles in contracting muscle is
the movement of limbs; called agonist while the
include definition of other is called
muscle tone and effect antagonist. Muscle tone
of exercise on it. is the stiffness or tension
of a healthy muscle.

      
Identify the biceps
and triceps of the
upper arm; include
labelling of diagrams;
points of
origin(location and
definition); points of
insertion(location and
definition
Explain the
importance of
locomotion to man;
and, include labelling
of diagrams; the role
of antagonistic
muscles in the
movement of limbs;
include definition of
muscle tone and the
effect of exercise on
The movement of an organism from place to place
it. is known as locomotion. Walking, running,
climbing and swimming are all locomotion used by
man in their everyday life and are what we need to
survive.
  Good posture means that the body is held correctly so that
there is only slight tension in the muscles. Bad posture puts a
strain on the muscles in the body. High heel shoes can cause
Evaluate the factors bad posture and lifting heavy objects if the skeletal system is
which adversely not healthy can cause bad posture.
affect the skeletal
system. include
posture and
appropriate foot-
wear to the
activity,lifting
heavy objects