Learning

Definition
1 - Classical
2 - Operant/Instrumental
3 - Cognitive
Learner and Learning
• Learning is defined as permanent
change in behaviour that occurs as
a result of practice or experience.

• Conditioning is the process of learning

associations between environmental
events and behavioral responses.
Classical
Learning

explains how
certain stimuli
can trigger an
automatic
response.
Operant/Instrumental Learning is useful in
understanding how we acquire new, voluntary actions.

1) Any thing that makes that response more likely to occur

again, known as Reinforces or Reinforcement.
• Positive Reinforces : Praise from parents, a prize, studying to
get good job.
• Negative Reinforces : removing tough/undesirable task.
Studying to avoid failure.

2) A punisher or Punishment ----- decreases the likelihood

that the response will occur again e.g include traffic fines etc.
Cognition means processing of information about
environment that is received through senses.

Cognitive Learning is the change in the way

information is processed as a result of experience.

Open your Mobile DATA and tell me these . . . .

Latent Learning
Insight Learning
Imitation/Observational Learning
Learner & Learning:

• Application of the law of learning must take into

account the characteristics of both the learner and
the response being learnt.

• Some things are easier to learn than others and

certain species are ready and predisposed to learn
than others.