Psychoanalytical Theory

Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behaviour is the
result of the interactions among three component parts of mind: the id, ego, and superego.
This theory places great emphasis on the role of unconscious psychological conflicts in
shaping behaviour and personality.

The defense mechanisms are unconscious protective behaviors and Freud believed that
overuse of them may be problematic.
Another defense mechanism is reaction formation, in which someone expresses feelings ,
thoughts and behaviors opposite to their inclinations.
Sigmund Freud
(6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939)

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the

founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for
evaluating and treating pathologies in the psyche
through dialogue between a patient and a
psychoanalyst.

Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the

Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He
was qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the
University of Vienna. Freud lived and worked in
Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in
1886. In 1938, Freud left Austria to escape Nazi
persecution. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in
1939.
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development

• According to Freud a person goes through the sequence of these

five stages and along the way there are needs to be met.

 OralStage
Anal Stage
Phallic Stage
Latency Stage
Genital stage
Freud’s Personality Components

ID EGO SUPEREGO

The superego is
The id The ego likened to
operates on operates using conscience because
the pleasure the reality it exerts influence
on what one
principle principle considers right or
wrong.
Topographical Model

The Unconscious The Conscious The Subconscious

Freud said that most Freud also said that

what we go through The information
all that we are
in our lives,
aware of is stored
is stored and
emotions, beliefs, being
feelings and impulses in our conscious
deep within are not mind remembered
available to us at a
conscious level.
 DEFENSE
• DM are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person from
anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. According to Freudian theory,
defense mechanismss involve a distortion of reality in some way so that we are better
able to cope with a situation
• SUBLIMATION
• DISPLACEMENT
• DENIAL
• REACTION FORMATION
• INTELLECTUALIZATION
• PROJECTION
• REPRESION
(https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1kxG8begKT1QSUbA-
• REGRESSON 1hGTfm77P3B1- geY_2jqtv_yjFQ/edit?usp=sharing)
• Defines mechanisms are psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to
protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings.
According to Freudian theory, defense mechanismss involve a distortion of relaity
in wome way so that we are better able to cope with a situation.

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1kxG8begKT1QSUbA-1hGTfm77P3B1-
geY_2jqtv_yjFQ/edit?usp=sharing
Psychoanalysis as therapy

• Psychoanalytic therapy is a form of talk therapy based on Sigmund

Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis. The approach explores how the
unconscious mind influences your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
• Specifically, it examines how your experiences (often from childhood)
maybe contributing to your current experience and actions.
• Freud described the unconscious as the reservoir of desires, thoughts
and memories that are below the surface of conscious awareness and
these could lead to psychological distress and disturbance.
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