Living in a Multilingual

World
Module 1
 Let’s Talk!

What is your L1?

 An L1 is your first
01 language, your native
language, or your mother
tongue.
 You are a native speaker
of that language.
 How Are L1s Learned?
● L1s are learned through a process known as First Language
Acquisition, or FLA.
● First Language Acquisition is the process of gaining the
capacity to use human language, where previously no such
capacities existed.
● L1s are acquired automatically, without conscious effort.
● L1s are learned before puberty, typically during infancy.
 Let’s Talk!

What is your L2?

 An L2 is a second
02
language;a target language
 How Are L2s Learned?
● L2s are learned through a process known as Second
Language Acquisition, or SLA.
● Second language acquisition is the process of acquiring
language capacity after another language (or languages)
have already been learned natively.
● Learning an L2 requires conscious effort.
 Let’s Talk!

Do you have an L3?

 An L3 is a third language

 According to researcher Jasone

Cenoz, a third language is “a
language that is different from
the first and the second and is
acquired after them.” (Cenoz
2013, p. 3)
 How Are L3s Learned?
● L3s are learned through a process known as Third
Language Acquisition, or TLA.

● TLA is a young field of research that can be considered a

subdomain of SLA. The field itself aims to examine the
differences between acquiring a first foreign language and
any subsequent foreign languages thereafter.
 How Are L3s Learned?
“TLA shares many of the characteristics of SLA, but there are also
important differences because third language learners already have at
least two languages in their linguistic repertoire. Third language
learners can use this broader linguistic repertoire when learning a
third language. For example, they can relate new structures, new
vocabulary or new ways of expressing communicative functions to the
two languages they already know, not just to one of them, as in the
case of monolinguals.” (Cenoz 2013, p. 4)
Language VS Dialect
 Language
 means of communication
used by a particular
community or country.
 Therefore, it’s a system of
human communication,
which is both verbal and
written, comprising the
utilization of words in a
conventional and
structured way.
Dialect
 It as a particular form
of a language spoken
in a particular region
or area, or by a specific
social group.
 Therefore, a dialect is
a regional variety of a
language.
 How can we distinguish a language from a dialect?

There is no objective difference between a language

and dialect, and the boundaries between them are
significantly blurred. However, there are ways to
determine the difference between them.

1. Mutual intelligibility
2. Difference in forms
 Mutual
Intelligibility
 If they cannot understand  Often, languages
each other, they’re likely
speaking two different
languages
Difference in
Forms
appear with abundant
supplies of literature
and standard grammar
rules. You can see
them exist not only as
spoken traditions but
written records as
well.
Dialects can be defined as different varieties of the same
language that have evolved over time and in different
geographical locations.

For example, Italian, French and Spanish were once

dialects of Latin, but over centuries have evolved into
their own languages and in turn, have spawned their own
dialects, some of which have become languages.
Multilingualism
As an individual attribute:
 a psychological state of an individual
who has access to two or more
language codes to serve
communication purposes.
As a societal attribute:
 two or more languages are used in a
community and that a number of
individuals can use two or more
languages
Comprehension Check!

Get a clean sheet of paper

Answer the ff. questions:

1. In your own words, differentiate L1, L2 and L3.

Provide an explanation.
2. What are the advantages of being a multilingual?
3. How do you categorize yourself? Are you a
multilingual? Support your answer.
 - End -

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