Study Id63909 The-Visegrad-Group

The Visegrád Group
THE VISEGRÁD GROUP
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
01 Demographics
Total population of Poland 2026 02
Total population of Hungary 2026 03
Total population of the Czech Republic 2026 04
Total population of Slovakia 2026 05
Fertility rate in Poland 2019 06
Fertility rate in Hungary 2019 07
Fertility rate in the Czech Republic 2019 08
Fertility rate in Slovakia 2019 09
Life expectancy at birth in Poland 2019 10
Life expectancy at birth in Hungary 2019 11
Life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic 2019 12
Life expectancy at birth in Slovakia 2019 13
Age structure in Poland 2020 14
Age structure in Hungary 2010-2020 15
Table of Contents
Age structure in the Czech Republic 2010-2020 16

Age structure in Slovakia 2020 17
02 Economy
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland 2026 19
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Hungary 2026 20
Gross domestic product (GDP) in the Czech Republic 2026 21
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Slovakia 2026 22
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Poland 2026 23
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Hungary 2026 24
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the Czech Republic 2026 25
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Slovakia 2026 26
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Poland 2026 27
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Hungary 2026 28
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in the Czech Republic 1993-2026 29
Table of Contents
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Slovakia 2026 30

Unemployment rate in Poland 2020 31
Unemployment rate in Hungary 2020 32
Unemployment rate in the Czech Republic 2020 33
Unemployment rate in Slovakia 2020 34
Inflation rate in Poland 2026 35
Inflation rate in Hungary 2026 36
Inflation rate in the Czech Republic 1989-2026 37
Inflation rate in Slovakia 1992-2026 38
Trade balance of goods of Poland 2020 39
Trade balance of goods of Hungary 2020 40
Trade balance of goods of the Czech Republic 2020 41
Trade balance of goods of Slovakia 2020 42
Table of Contents
03 Politics
Poland parliamentary election vote share 2015 44
Hungarian parliamentary election vote share 2018 45
Czechia presidential election results in 2018 46
Slovakian presidential election results 2019 47
Number of MEPs from Poland elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party 48
Number of MEPs from Hungary elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party 49
Number of MEPs from Czechia elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party 50
Number of MEPs from Slovakia elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party 51
Corruption perception index of Poland 2012-2021 52
Corruption perception index of Hungary 2012-2021 53
Corruption perception index score of Czechia 2001-2021 54
Corruption perception index score of Slovakia 2001-2021 55
Gini index score of Poland 2004-2015 56
Gini index score of Hungary 2004-2018 57
Table of Contents
Gini index score of Czechia 2011-2019 58

Gini index score of Slovakia 2011-2019 59
04 Migration
Net migration in Hungary 2006-2019 61
Net migration in the Czech Republic 2006-2019 62
Net migration in Slovakia 2006-2019 63
Number of Polish citizens in EU member states 2019-2020 64
Number of Czech citizens in EU member states 2019 65
Number of Slovak citizens in EU member states 2019 66
Number of Hungarian citizens in EU member states 2019 67
Visegrád residents' opinion on immigrants' contribution in 2018 68
Visegrád residents' opinion on non-EU immigration 2018 69
Visegrád residents' opinion on EU internal immigration 2018 70
Visegrád residents' opinion on European migration policy 2018 71
Table of Contents
05 Business environment
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Poland 2018-2020, by size 73
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Hungary 2020, by size 74
Number of SMEs in Czechia 2008-2021 75
Number of SMEs in Slovakia 2010-2021 76
Ease of doing business ranking of Poland 2019-2020, by topic 77
Ease of doing business ranking of Hungary in 2020, by topic 78
Ease of doing business ranking of Czechia 2020, by topic 79
Ease of doing business ranking of Slovakia 2020, by topic 80
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland 2008-2021 81
Real wage development in Hungary 2010-2020 82
Real wage development in Czechia 2010-2020 83
Real wage development in Slovakia 2010-2020 84
Gender pay gap in Poland 2007-2017, by sector 85
Gender pay gap in Hungary 2007-2019, by sector 86
Table of Contents
Gender pay gap in Czechia 2007-2018, by sector 87

Gender pay gap in Slovakia 2007-2018, by sector 88
Gender equality index of Poland 2005-2020 89
Gender equality index of Hungary 2005-2015 90
Gender equality index of Czechia 2005-2015 91
Gender equality index of Slovakia 2005-2015 92
THE VISEGRÁD GROUP
Demographics
Poland: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of Poland 2026
40 37.97 37.97 37.98 37.97 37.96 37.84 37.8 37.76 37.7 37.64 37.56
35
30
Inhabitants in millions
25
20
15
10
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026*
Note(s): Poland
Further information regarding this statistic can be found on page 94.
2 Source(s): IMF; ID 263750 Demographics
Hungary: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of Hungary 2026
12
9.83 9.8 9.78 9.77 9.77 9.77 9.76 9.76 9.76 9.76 9.75
10
8
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026*
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of the Czech Republic 2026
12
10.58 10.61 10.65 10.69 10.73 10.76 10.78 10.79 10.79 10.79
10.55
10
8
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026*
Note(s): Czechia
Slovakia: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of Slovakia 2026
6
5.43 5.44 5.44 5.45 5.46 5.46 5.47 5.47 5.48 5.49 5.49
4
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026*
Note(s): Slovakia
Poland: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in Poland 2019
1.6
1.48 1.46
1.4 1.41 1.42
1.39
1.4 1.33 1.33 1.32 1.32
1.29
1.2
Number of children born per woman
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Poland
6 Source(s): World Bank; ID 375677 Demographics
Hungary: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in Hungary 2019
1.8
1.6 1.53 1.54 1.55

1.49
1.44 1.45
1.4 1.32 1.34 1.35
1.25 1.23
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in the Czech Republic 2019
1.8 1.71 1.71

1.69
1.63
1.6 1.57
1.51 1.51 1.53
1.43 1.45 1.46
1.4
Number of born children per woman
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Czechia
Slovakia: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in Slovakia 2019
1.8
1.6 1.54 1.56

1.52
1.45 1.48
1.44 1.43
1.37 1.4
1.4 1.34 1.34
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Slovakia
Poland: Life expectancy at birth from 2009 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in Poland 2019
90
80 76.7 76.75 77 77.6 77.45 77.85 77.75 77.6 77.86

75.7 76.25
70
Life expectancy at birth in years
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Poland
Hungary: Life expectancy at birth from 1989 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in Hungary 2019
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Life expectancy at birth from 2009 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic 2019
90
77.87 78.08 78.18 78.82 78.58 79.03 78.98 79.03 79.13

80 77.08 77.42
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Czechia
Slovakia: Life expectancy at birth from 2009 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in Slovakia 2019
90
80 75.96 76.11 76.41 76.81 76.56 77.17 77.17 77.27 77.47

74.91 75.11
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Slovakia
Poland: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in Poland 2020
0-14 years 15-64 years 65 years and older
100%
13.47% 13.78% 14.19% 14.68% 15.2% 15.73% 16.34% 16.93%
90% 17.52% 18.12% 18.74%
80%
70%
Share of total population
60%
50% 71.31% 71.06% 70.78% 70.43% 69.98% 69.42% 68.88% 68.19% 67.43% 66.7% 66.04%
40%
30%
20%
10%
15.22% 15.16% 15.03% 14.89% 14.82% 14.84% 14.79% 14.88% 15.05% 15.19% 15.22%
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s):
Hungary: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in Hungary 2010-2020
100%
16.09% 16.35% 16.58% 16.82% 17.11% 17.47% 18% 18.58% 19.16% 19.69%
90% 20.16%
80%
70%
60%
50% 69.05% 68.93% 68.81% 68.66% 68.42% 68.08% 67.63% 67.05% 66.43% 65.87% 65.43%
40%
30%
20%
10%
14.86% 14.72% 14.61% 14.52% 14.47% 14.45% 14.37% 14.37% 14.41% 14.43% 14.41%
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in the Czech Republic 2010-2020
100%
15.44% 15.91% 16.42% 16.96% 17.49% 17.99% 18.52% 19%
90% 19.42% 19.8% 20.14%
80%
70%
60%
50% 70.32% 69.71% 69.05% 68.35% 67.62% 66.89% 66.27% 65.62% 64.99% 64.48% 64.1%
40%
30%
20%
10%
14.24% 14.38% 14.53% 14.7% 14.89% 15.11% 15.21% 15.39% 15.59% 15.72% 15.76%
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Czechia
Slovakia: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in Slovakia 2020
100%
12.45% 12.72% 13% 13.3% 13.65% 14.05% 14.55% 15.08% 15.63% 16.17%
90% 16.7%
80%
70%
60%
50% 72.21% 72.02% 71.8% 71.52% 71.16% 70.7% 70.19% 69.58% 68.92% 68.3% 67.75%
40%
30%
20%
10%
15.34% 15.26% 15.2% 15.17% 15.19% 15.26% 15.26% 15.34% 15.45% 15.53% 15.55%
0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s):
THE VISEGRÁD GROUP
Economy
Poland: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland 2026
1,200
1,000 954.58
891.7
831.42
776.33
800
720.35
GDP in billion U.S. dollars
655.33
597.19
587.43 595.92
600 533.8 545.28
528.57 524.41 526.64
479.16 500.85 477.58
472.26
429.47 440.14
400 344.76
306.15
255.28
217.51
198.68
172.05 190.43
171.28
167.8
200 139.09 157.18
156.68
103.68
90.37
88.71
73.68 80.45
68.6166.962.08
63.71
0
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
*
24
*
26
*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Note(s): Poland
19 Source(s): IMF; ID 263588 Economy
Hungary: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Hungary 2026
300
263.07
248
250 232.86
Gross domestic product in billion U.S. dollars
216.44
198.99
200 180.96
158.14 163.49
160.43 155.01
139.97 141.11 140.56 142.96
150 135.41
131.14 128.15
130.76 128.47
124.53
115.58
112.98
103.96
100 85.3
67.61
49.07 53.75
46.6647.348.71
46.43
43.17 47.22
50 34.75 40.13
38.73
29.7 34.37
30.32
25 27.14
0
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
*
24
*
26
*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 2006 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in the Czech Republic 2026
450
400 387.44
367.86
345.95
350
324.56
302.06
300
276.91
248.95 252.5 245.35

250 237.13
229.56
218.63
207.56 209.07 208.86 211.69 209.36
196.27
200 189.99 188.03
156.26
150
100
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026*
Note(s): Czechia
Slovakia: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 1996 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Slovakia 2026
180
164.9
156.3
160
147.03
137.63
140
127.5
116.75
120
105.57105.13104.49
97.17 99.11 98.75101.33
94.47 95.41
100 89.3 90.35 88.5 89.69
77.24
80
57.49
60 49.12
43.19
40 34.09
21.6621.93 22.83 20.8720.73 21.42 24.89
20
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
* * * * * * *
Note(s): Slovakia
Poland: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Poland 2026
30,000
25,412.12
25,000 23,691.58
22,052.31
20,561.52
20,000 19,055.72
GDP per capita in U.S. dollars
17,318.5
15,726.88
15,468.2615,699.3
14,000.83 13,886.87 14,342.75 13,868.91
13,777.57
15,000 13,158.23
12,601.79 12,566.09
12,438.52
11,541.07
11,264.14
10,000 9,034.66
8,019.73
6,684.46
5,691.34
5,195.28
4,450.33 4,978.05
4,476.25
4,058.18
4,067.96 4,339.6
5,000 3,605.16
2,687.41
2,347.12
2,311.09
1,961.68 1,815.82
1,687.8 1,768.612,101.35
1,625.84
0
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
*
24
*
26
*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Note(s): Poland
Hungary: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Hungary 2026
30,000
26,975.87
25,422.59
25,000 23,863.29
22,174.26
20,380.16
20,000 18,527.59
16,729.13
16,407.35
15,742.79 15,866.22
14,130.74 14,230.92 14,590.9
15,000 13,904.83 13,665.26
13,095.22
13,035.62 13,069.23
12,903.11 12,634.92
11,469.41
11,188.45
10,275.77
10,000 8,410.77
6,644.61
4,786.25
4,738.02 5,269.61
4,591.49
4,520.76
4,491.22
4,170.57 4,619.29
5,000 3,350.24
3,312.34 3,871.07
3,733.45
2,909.7
2,838.56
2,582.85
2,338.8
0
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
*
24
*
26
*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1996 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the Czech Republic 2026
40,000
35,909.72
34,092.84
35,000
32,067.7
30,114.28
30,000 28,076.59
25,806.38
25,000 23,709.18
23,463.6
22,925.75 22,942.86
21,890.78
20,129.62
19,983.58 19,880.9 20,666.67
19,908.15 19,915.38
20,000 18,527.74 18,597.21
17,842.87
15,284.67
15,000 13,446.94
11,751.9
9,823.29
10,000 8,056.32
6,529.04 6,484.2
6,030.63 6,333.86 6,627.1
6,015.07
5,000
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
* * * * * * *
Note(s):
Slovakia: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1996 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Slovakia 2026
35,000
30,017.18
30,000 28,486.6
26,830.34
25,146.38
25,000 23,323.33
21,383.29
19,395.85
19,288.57
19,144.92
20,000 18,074.59 18,709.9
18,379.38 18,251.09
17,480.63 17,553.89
16,760.44
16,591.54 16,529.16
16,324.67
14,374.85
15,000
10,700.34
9,141.84
10,000 8,040.08
6,341.56
4,236.56
4,076.5 4,626.82
5,000 4,004.8 3,869.05 3,982.44
3,839.8
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
* * * * * * *
Note(s): Slovakia
Poland: Growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) from 2016 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Poland 2026
6%
5.35%
5.12% 5.09%
5% 4.83% 4.75%
4%
3.48%
GDP growth compared to previous year
3.14% 3.01% 2.96% 2.88%

3%
2%
1%
0%
-1%
-2%
-3% -2.72%
-4%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026*
Note(s): Poland
Hungary: Growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) from 1989 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Hungary 2026
10%
5%
0%
-5%
-10%
-15%
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202 202 202 202 202 202
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Growth rate of the real gross domestic product (GDP) from 1993 to 2026 (compared to the previous
year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in the Czech Republic 1993-2026
8%
6.4% 6.6% 6.8%
5.6% 5.4%
6% 5.17%
4.8%
4.3% 4.49%
4% 4.13%
3.6% 3.79% 3.57%
4% 3% 3.2%3.03% 3.16%
2.7% 2.54% 2.5%

2.2% 2.4% 2.3%
1.6% 1.8%
2% 1.4%
0.6%
0%
0% -0.5%-0.4% -0.8%
-2%
-4% -4.7%
-5.79%
-6%
-8%
1993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
* * * * * * *
Note(s): Czechia; 1993 to 2019

Slovakia: Growth rate of the real gross domestic product (GDP) from 2016 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Slovakia 2026
6%
5.19%
4.43% 4.33%
4% 3.65%
3.41%
2.99% 3.09%
2.51% 2.63%
2.13%
2%
0%
-2%
-4%
-4.75%
-6%
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020* 2021* 2022* 2023* 2024* 2025* 2026*
Note(s): Slovakia; 2016 to 2019

Poland: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2020
Unemployment rate in Poland 2020
25%
19.9%
19.37% 19.07%
20%
18.37%
17.75%
16.31%
Unemployment rate
15% 13.84%
12.29%
10.09% 10.33%
9.6% 9.64% 9.63%
10% 8.99%
8.17%
7.12% 7.5%
6.16%
4.89%
5% 3.85%
3.28% 3.55%
0%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland
31 Source(s): World Bank; ID 263705 Economy
Hungary: Unemployment rate from 1991 to 2020
Unemployment rate in Hungary 2020
14.5%
12.5% 12.1%
11.17%
11.03%11%
10.85%
10.5% 9.95%9.94% 10.17%

10.02% 10.03% 10.18%
Unemployment rate
8.99%8.93%
8.5% 7.82% 7.73%

7.49%7.41%
7.19%
6.93% 6.81%
6.56%
6.5%
5.67%5.61%5.79%5.83%
5.12%
4.16% 4.35%
4.5%
3.71%
3.42%
2.5%
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Unemployment rate from 1993 to 2020
Unemployment rate in the Czech Republic 2020
10.0%
9.0% 8.76%
8.49%
8.21%
7.99% 7.93%
8.0% 7.54%
7.15% 7.28%
7.02% 6.98% 6.95%
7.0% 6.66% 6.71%
6.5%
6.11%
Unemployment rate
6.0%
5.32%
5.05%
4.8%
5.0%
4.3% 4.3% 4.39%
4% 3.9% 3.95%
4.0%
2.89% 2.94%
3.0%
2.24%
2.01%
2.0%
1.0%
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

33 Source(s): World Bank; Czech Statistical Office; ID 369864 Economy
Slovakia: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2020
Unemployment rate in Slovakia 2020
25%
20% 19.06% 19.38% 18.72%

18.6%
17.12%
15.95% 16.26%
14.38% 14.22%
Unemployment rate
15%
13.37% 13.62% 13.96% 13.18%
12.03%
11.14% 11.48%
9.51% 9.67%
10%
8.14%
6.54% 6.79%
5.75%
5%
0%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Poland: Inflation rate from 1986 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in Poland 2026
700%
585.8%
600%
500%
Inflation rate compared to previous year
400%
300% 251.1%
200%
100% 60.2% 70.3%

43%35.3%
32.2%
25.23%
17.79% 27.88%
19.9%
14.9%
11.8% 10.1%
7.3% 5.5%1.9% 3.49%
0.84% 2.13% 4.22%
2.49%
1.03% 3.45% 4.27%
2.58% 3.7%0.9%
-0.03% 1.98%
-0.58%
-0.93% 2.31%
1.6% 4.42%
3.4% 3.27%
2.79%
2.83%
2.6%2.5%
0%
-100%
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
*
24
*
26
*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Note(s):
Hungary: Inflation rate from 1986 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in Hungary 2026
40%
34.23%
35%
28.97% 28.3%
30%
25% 22.95% 23.46%

22.45%
18.87% 18.29%
20%
16.95%
15.79%
14.17%
15%
10.02%
9.78%
8.68% 9.16%
10% 7.97%
6.75% 6.05%
5.29% 5.27%
4.66% 4.87% 5.67%
4.2% 4.54%
3.92%
3.56% 3.92% 3.32% 3.58%
3.37% 3.29%
5% 2.85%
2.41% 2.98% 3.05%
3.03%
1.72%
0.42%
-0.07%
-0.22%
0%
-5%
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
*
24
*
26
*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Inflation rate from 1989 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in the Czech Republic 1989-2026
60% 56.6%
50%
40%
30%
20.8%
20%
11.1% 10%9.1% 10.7%

9.7% 8.8%8.5%
10% 6.32%
3.9%4.7% 2.87%
2.8%1.9%2.52% 3.28% 3.16%
2.85%
2.1% 1.8% 1.92% 1.44% 2.45%
2.15% 2.73%2.3% 2% 2% 2% 2%
1.4% 1.47%
1.03% 0.68%
0.1% 0.35%
0.33%
0%
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0* 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202 202 202 202 202 202 202
Note(s):1989 to 2019
Slovakia: Inflation rate from 1992 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in Slovakia 1992-2026
25% 23.29%
20%
15% 13.42%
12.16%
10.46%
9.84% 9.84%
10% 8.42%
7.14% 7.45%
6.69%
5.78%6.03%
4.27% 3.95% 4.07%3.73%
5% 3.49%
2.78% 2.52%2.77%2.01%2.36%2.98%2.13%1.99%1.99%2.01%
1.9% 1.46% 1.4%
0.94%0.7%
-0.1%-0.33%
-0.47%
0%
-5%
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1* 2* 3* 4* 5* 6*
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 202 202 202 202 202 202

38 Source(s): IMF; World Bank; ID 375275 Economy
Poland: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of Poland 2020
20
15 13.9
10
Trade balance in billion U.S. dollars
4.31
5
2.65
0.55 1.31
0
-2.62
-5 -3.5
-5.39
-10
-15 -13.69
-20 -18.33
-21.9
-25
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland
39 Source(s): WTO; Statista; ID 376389 Economy
Hungary: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of Hungary 2020
12
9.87
10
8.39
8.04
8 7.39
7.3
6.55
6.29
6 5.73
4.89
3.96
4
3.21
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Hungary
Czech Republic: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of the Czech Republic 2020
25
21.54
20.78
19.65 20.09
20 18.79
18.02 17.58
16.51
15.63
15
10.81
10
6.33
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Czechia
Slovakia: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of Slovakia 2020
5.0
4.68
4.0 3.79
3.28
3.0
2.31 2.38
2.0 1.8 1.72
1.0
0.52
0.0
-0.45 -0.49
-0.66
-1.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Note(s): Slovakia
THE VISEGRÁD GROUP
Politics
Vote share in the Polish parliamentary election in 2015
Poland parliamentary election vote share 2015
40%
37.6%
35%
30%
25% 24.1%
Percentage of votes
20%
15%
10% 8.8%
7.6% 7.6%
5.1%
5%
0%
Law and Justice (PiS) Civic Platform (PO) Kukiz '15 (K'15) Democratic Left Alliance Modern (N) Polish People's Party (PSL)
(ZL)
Note(s): Poland; October 25, 2015

44 Source(s): Poll of polls; ID 895623 Politics
Vote share in the Hungarian parliamentary election vote of 2018
Hungarian parliamentary election vote share 2018
60%
49.3%
50%
40%
Percentage of votes
30%
19.1%
20%
11.9%
10% 7.1% 7.6%
5.1%
0%
Fidesz - Viktor Orbán Jobbik - Gábor Vona Hungarian Socialist Party - Democratic Coalition - LMP - Bernadett Szél Momentum Movement -
Bertalan Tóth Ferenc Gyurcsány András Fekete-Gyr
Note(s): Hungary; April 8, 2018

45 Source(s): Poll of polls; ID 895670 Politics
Results of the Czechia presidential election in 2018, by round*
Czechia presidential election results in 2018
Percentage of votes
Round 1 Round 2
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
51.4%
Milo Zeman
38.6%
48.6%
Jií Draho
26.6%
Pavel Fischer
0
10.2%
Michal Horáek
0
9.2%
Marek Hiler
0
8.8%
Mirek Topolánek
0
4.3%
Note(s): Czechia; January 12-28, 2018

46 Source(s): Poll of polls; Politico; ID 1013250 Politics
Slovakian presidential elections results in 2019, by election round
Slovakian presidential election results 2019
Share of votes
Vote share in the second round Vote share in the first round
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

40.57%
Zuzana Čaputová 58.4%
18.66%
Maro efovi 41.59%
tefan Harabin 0 14.34%
Marian Kotleba 0 10.39%
Frantiek Mikloko 0 5.72%
Béla Bugár 0 3.1%

Milan Krajniak 0 2.77%
Eduard Chmelár 0 2.74%
Martin Daňo 00.51%
Róbert vec 00.3%
Juraj Zábojník 00.28%
Ivan Zuzula 00.17%
Bohumila Tauchmannová 00.16%
Robert Mistrík 00.15%
Note(s): Slovakia; March 30, 2019; 18 years and older; 2,145,364*

47 Source(s): Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic; ID 990355 Politics
Number of MEPs from Poland elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Poland elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Number of MEPs
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Conservatives (ECR) 26
Center-right (EPP) 16
Center-left (S&D) 8
Others 1
Note(s): Poland; 2019

48 Source(s): European Parliament; ID 1011097 Politics
Number of MEPs from Hungary elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Hungary elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Number of MEPs
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Center-left (S&D) 5
Liberals (ALDE) 2
Independent 1
Note(s): Hungary; 2019

Number of MEPs from Czechia elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Czechia elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Number of MEPs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Liberals (ALDE) 6
Others 3
Right-wing nationalists
2
(ENF)
Left (GUE/NGL) 1
Note(s):2019
Number of MEPs from Slovakia elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Slovakia elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Number of MEPs
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
Center-left (S&D) 3
Others 2
Liberals (ALDE) 2
Note(s): Slovakia; 2019

Corruption perception index score of Poland from 2012 to 2021
Corruption perception index of Poland 2012-2021
70
63 62
60 61 60 60
60 58 58
56 56
50
CPI Score (max.100)*
40
30
20
10
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Note(s): Poland; 2012 to 2021

52 Source(s): Transparency International; ID 869360 Politics
Corruption perception index score of Hungary from 2012 to 2021
Corruption perception index of Hungary 2012-2021
60
55 54 54
51
50 48
45 46
44 44 43
40
CPI score
30
20
10
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Note(s): Hungary; 2012 to 2021

Corruption perception index score of Czechia from 2001 to 2021
Corruption perception index score of Czechia 2001-2021
70
59
60 57
56 55 56
CPI Score (0 = highly corrupt, 100 = very clean)
54 54
52 52 51
48 49 49 48
50
46
43 44
42
39 39
40 37
30
20
10
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Corruption perception index score of Slovakia from 2001 to 2021
Corruption perception index score of Slovakia 2001-2021
60
51 51 52
49 50 50 50 50 50 49
50 47 47
CPI Score (0 = highly corrupt, 100 = very clean)
45 46
43 43
40 40
40 37 37 37
30
20
10
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Gini index score of Poland from 2004 to 2015
Gini index score of Poland 2004-2015
36.0
35.4
35.5
35.0
34.5
34.5
34.0 33.7 33.7

Gini index score
33.6
33.5
33.5 33.2
33.0 32.8
32.5
32.4
32.5
32.1
32.0 31.8
31.5
31.0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

56 Source(s): World Bank; ID 872883 Politics
Gini index score of Hungary from 2004 to 2018
Gini index score of Hungary 2004-2018
36.0
35.0 34.7
34.0
33.0
32.0 31.5
Gini index score
30.8 30.9
31.0 30.4
29.9
30.0 29.4
29.2
29.0 28.7
28.3
27.9
28.0 27.5
27
27.0
26.0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2018

57 Source(s): World Bank; Knoema; ID 872896 Politics
Gini index score of Czechia from 2011 to 2019
Gini index score of Czechia 2011-2019
25.3 25.2
25.1 25.1
25.1 25
24.9
24.9
24.7 24.6
24.5
Gini index score
24.5
24.3
24.1 24 24
23.9
23.7
23.5
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

58 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 873382 Politics
Gini index score of Slovakia from 2011 to 2019
Gini index score of Slovakia 2011-2019
27.0
26.1
26.0 25.7
25.3
25.0
24.2 24.3
Gini index score
24.0 23.7
23.2
23.0 22.8
22.0
20.9
21.0
20.0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

59 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 1013205 Politics
THE VISEGRÁD GROUP
Migration
Net migration (immigration minus emigration) in Hungary from 2006 to 2019
Net migration in Hungary 2006-2019
Immigration Emigration Net migration
100,000
90,000
80,000
70,000
Number of persons
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
2006** 2007 2008* 2009 2010* 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

61 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 1011177 Migration
Net migration (immigration minus emigration) in the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2019
Net migration in the Czech Republic 2006-2019
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
Number of persons
40,000
20,000
-20,000
-40,000
2006 2007 2008* 2009 2010 2011* 2012 2013* 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s):2006 to 2019
Net migration (immigration minus emigration) in Slovakia from 2006 to 2019
Net migration in Slovakia 2006-2019
9,500
8,500
7,500
6,500
Number of persons
5,500
4,500
3,500
2,500
1,500
500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016* 2017 2018* 2019*

Number of Polish citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Poland, from 2019 to 2020
Number of Polish citizens in EU member states 2019-2020
Number of Polish citizens
2019 2020
0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000

771,250
Germany 775,163
155,902
Netherlands 144,001
132,638
Ireland** 130,654
108,565
Norway 105,192
86,743
Italy 88,803
70,393
Belgium 70,985
65,420
Spain 65,067
64,429
Austria 63,429
55,544
Sweden 54,869
52,430
France* 52,430
40,805
Denmark 40,531
33,957
Switzerland 31,624
21,768
Czech Republic 21,304
20,649
Iceland 19,266
Note(s): Poland, EU; 2019 to 2020; 0 years and older; Population on 1 January
Number of Czech citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Czechia, in 2019
Number of Czech citizens in EU member states 2019
Number of Czech citizens
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

Germany 56,259
United Kingdom 46,573
Slovakia 14,021
Austria 13,590
Italy** 5,666
Ireland** 5,302
France* 4,788
Netherlands 4,144
Belgium 3,454
Denmark 1,792
Sweden 1,695
Luxembourg 1,130
Poland 1,123
Greece 913
Finland 599
Note(s): Czechia, EU; 2019; 0 years and older; Population on 1 January 2019
Number of Slovak citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Slovakia, in 2019
Number of Slovak citizens in EU member states 2019
Number of Slovak citizens
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000

Germany 53,610
Austria 41,957
Ireland** 10,612
Hungary 9,563
Italy** 8,507
Belgium 6,490
Netherlands 6,289
France* 4,699
Denmark 2,988
Sweden 1,679
Poland 1,023
Luxembourg 950
Greece 776
Note(s): Slovakia, EU; 2019; 0 years and older; Population on 1 January 2019
Number of Hungarian citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Hungary in 2019
Number of Hungarian citizens in EU member states 2019
Number of Hungarian citizens
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000

Germany 196,107
Austria 82,712
Netherlands 15,478
Slovakia 10,713
Ireland 9,364
Italy 8,396
France* 7,534
Sweden 7,436
Belgium 6,734
Denmark 5,175
Romania 4,446
Finland 1,926
Luxembourg 1,880
Note(s): Poland, EU; 2019; 0 years and older; Population on 1 January 2019
To what extent to do you agree or disagree that immigrants contribute a lot to your country?
Visegrád residents' opinion on immigrants' contribution in 2018
Don't know Totally disagree Tend to disagree Tend to agree Totally agree
120%
100% 2% 1%
9% 6%
13% 9%
14%
13%
80%
Share of respondents
30% 31%
37% 24%
39%
60%
35%
40%
26%
53% 54%
37%
20% 14%
17%
12% 8%
7% 4% 5%
0%
EU-28 Poland Hungary Slovakia Czech Republic
Note(s): Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, EU; November 8-22, 2018**; 15 years and older; 27,424***
68 Source(s): European Commission; ID 1011116 Migration
What is your attitude toward immigration of people from outside the EU?*
Visegrád residents' opinion on non-EU immigration 2018
Don't know Very negative Fairly negative Fairly positive Very positive
120%
100% 3% 1%
7% 5% 6%
9%
10%
15%
22%
80%
33%
37%
28% 46%
60%
43%
35%
40%
47% 49%
35%
20% 21%
18%
7% 9% 6%
0% 4% 4%
EU-28 Poland Hungary Slovakia Czech Republic
What is your attitude toward immigration of people from other EU Member States?*
Visegrád residents' opinion on EU internal immigration 2018
Don't know Very negative Fairly negative Fairly positive Very positive
120%
100% 4%
9%
14% 14%
20%
80% 34%
37%
45%
60% 50%
49%
33%
40%
35%
24%
22%
20% 19%
22%
12% 13%
4% 8%
8% 5% 6% 6% 7%
0%
Poland Hungary EU-28 Slovakia Czech Republic
What is your opinion on the common European policy on migration?*
Visegrád residents' opinion on European migration policy 2018
For Against Don't know Refused to answer (spontaneously)
120%
100% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
5% 5% 2% 6%
8%
80% 24%
38%
40% 52%
56%
60%
40%
69%
55%
50%
20% 44%
36%
0%
EU-28 Poland Slovakia Hungary Czech Republic
Note(s): Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, EU; November, 8-22 2018**; 15 years and older; 27,424***
THE VISEGRÁD GROUP
Business environment
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland between 2018 and 2020, by size
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Poland 2018-2020, by size
2018 2020
2,500,000
1,979,307
2,000,000 1,881,620
1,729,223
1,664,944
Number of companies
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
49,890 80,076
14,389 14,501 0 3,110
0
Micro Small Medium-sized Large Total SME
Note(s): Poland; 2018 and 2020

73 Source(s): European Commission; Eurostat; ID 818716 Business environment
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hungary in 2020, by size
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Hungary 2020, by size
700,000
602,895
600,000 570,622
500,000
Number of enterprises
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
27,839
4,434
0
Micro Small Medium-sized Total SMEs
Note(s): Hungary; 2020

Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Czechia from 2008 to 2021, by size
Number of SMEs in Czechia 2008-2021
Micro (0-9 employees) Small (10-49 employees) Medium-sized (50-249 employees)
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Slovakia from 2010 to 2021, by size
Number of SMEs in Slovakia 2010-2021
Micro (0-9 employees) Small (10-49 employees) Medium-sized (50-249 employees)
600,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Poland compared to other worldwide locations from 2019 to 2020, by
topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Poland 2019-2020, by topic
Ranking
Doing Business 2019 Doing Business 2020
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

40
General doing business rank 33
1
Trading across borders 1
25
Resolving insolvency 25
37
Getting credit 32
39
Dealing with construction permits 40
51
Protecting minority investors 57
55
Enforcing contracts 53
60
Getting electricity 58
77
Paying taxes 69
92
Registering property 41
128
Starting a business 121
Note(s): Poland; 2019 to 2020; Ranking among 190 countries

77 Source(s): World Bank; ID 1012604 Business environment
Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Hungary compared to other worldwide locations in 2020, by topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Hungary in 2020, by topic
Ranking
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
General doing business score 52
Getting credit 37
Paying taxes 56
Note(s): Hungary; 2020; Ranking among 190 countries

Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Czechia compared to other worldwide locations in 2020, by topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Czechia 2020, by topic
Ranking
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Getting credit 48
Paying taxes 53
Note(s): Czechia; 2019; Ranking among 190 countries

Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Slovakia compared to other worldwide locations in 2020, by topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Slovakia 2020, by topic
Ranking
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Getting credit 48
Paying taxes 55
Note(s): Slovakia; 2019; Ranking among 190 countries

Average real wage and salary growth in Poland from 2008 to 2021*
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland 2008-2021
7.0%
6%
Avarage salary growth compared to the previous year
6.0%
5.3%
5.0% 4.8%
4.2% 4.2%
4.0%
3.4% 3.4%
3%
3.0%
2.5%
2.1%
2.0% 1.7%
1.5%
1.2%
1.0%
0.1%
0.0%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

81 Source(s): Central Statistical Office of Poland; ID 962881 Business environment
Development of real wages in Hungary from 2010 to 2020 (compared to the previous year)
Real wage development in Hungary 2010-2020
8%
5.8%
6%
Real wage development compared to previous year
4.5%
4% 3.5%
3.2%
1.9%
2% 1.3%
0.1%
0%
-0.9% -1%
-2% -1.6%
-4%
-5%
-6%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

82 Source(s): European Commission; WSI; ID 1012756 Business environment
Development of real wages in Czechia from 2010 to 2020 (compared to the previous year)
Real wage development in Czechia 2010-2020
7%
6%
6%
5%
3.9%
4% 3.5%
3.3%
3% 2.7%
2.3% 2.2%
2%
1% 0.6%
0.2%
0%
-1%
-2% -1.7% -1.7%
-3%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020*

Development of real wages in Slovakia from 2010 to 2020 (compared to the previous year)
Real wage development in Slovakia 2010-2020
5.0%
4.4%
3.8% 3.9%
4.0%
3.3%
3%
3.0% 2.6%
1.9%
2.0%
1.1%
1.0%
0.0%
-0.5%
-1.0%
-2.0% -1.7%
-3.0%
-3%
-4.0%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020*

Gender pay gap in Poland from 2007 to 2017, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Poland 2007-2017, by sector
Private sector** Public sector**
20%
18% 17.6% 17.3% 17.6%

17.1% 17.2%
16.8% 16.8%
16%
Percentage of men's average hourly earnings
16% 15.6%
14.9% 15.1% 15.1%
14%
12% 11.4%
10%
8% 7.7%
8% 7.1% 7.4% 7.2% 7.2%
6.4%
6% 5.5%
4.5%
4%
2%
0%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017**
Note(s): Poland; 2007 to 2017; In unadjusted form

85 Source(s): Eurostat; ID 1012897 Business environment
Gender pay gap in Hungary from 2007 to 2019, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Hungary 2007-2019, by sector
Private sector Public sector**
25%
20.1%
20%
18% 18.4% 18.2%

17.5% 17.1% 17.6%
16.3% 15.9%
15.1% 15.1%
15% 14% 14% 13.5% 14.2%
10%
7% 6.7%
6%
5% 3.7% 3.9% 4.2% 4%
3.6%
0
0%
-0.8%
-1.7%
-5%
2007** 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Note(s): Hungary; 2007 to 2019; In unadjusted form

Gender pay gap in Czechia from 2007 to 2018, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Czechia 2007-2018, by sector
30%
26.2% 25.9%
25%
23.6%
22.6% 22.5% 22.3% 22.5% 22.5%
21.6% 21.5% 21.1%
20.1%
20%
18.1%
17%
16.3%
15.7%
15% 14.2% 13.8% 14.1%
13.2% 13.2%
12.3% 12.6%
10%
5%
0
0%
2007** 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Note(s): Czechia; 2007 to 2018; In unadjusted form

Gender pay gap in Slovakia from 2007 to 2018, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Slovakia 2007-2018, by sector
25% 23.6% 23.2% 22.9% 23.2%

21.9%
21.2% 21.4%
20.9% 20.8% 20.9%
20.1%
19.6% 19.6% 19.7% 19.6% 19.7% 19.8% 19.4%

20% 18.9% 18.8% 19% 18.9%
18.1%
15%
10%
5%
0
0%
2007** 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Note(s): Slovakia; 2007 to 2018; In unadjusted form

Gender equality index of Poland compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2020*
Gender equality index of Poland 2005-2020
Poland EU-28
67.4 67.9
65 66.2
Index score (1 = full unequality, 100 = full equality)
63.8
62
55.5 56.9 56.8 55.8

55.2
52.4
2005 2013 2015 2017 2019 2020
Note(s): Poland; 2005 to 2020; Index score: 1 = full unequality, 100 = full equality
89 Source(s): EIGE; ID 1013015 Business environment
Gender equality index of Hungary compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2015*
Gender equality index of Hungary 2005-2015
Hungary EU-28
65 66.2
63.8
62
52.3 52.6 53.1

50.3
2005 2010 2012 2015
Note(s):2005 to 2015; Index score: 1 = full unequality, 100 = full equality

Gender equality index of Czechia compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2015*
Gender equality index of Czechia 2005-2015
Czechia EU-28
65 66.2
63.8
62
55.6 56.7
53.6 53.6
2005 2010 2012 2015

Gender equality index of Slovakia compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2015*
Gender equality index of Slovakia 2005-2015
Slovakia EU-28
65 66.2
63.8
62
52.5 53 52.4 52.4
2005 2010 2012 2015

THE VISEGRÁD GROUP
References
Poland: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of Poland 2026
Description
Source and methodology information
The statistic shows the total population of Poland from 2016 to 2020, with projections up until 2026. In 2020,
Source(s) IMF the total population of Poland amounted to around 38 million inhabitants.
Conducted by IMF Population and economy of Poland
Survey period 2016 to 2020 Poland is the sixth most populated country in the EU, and the ninth most populated one in Europe. After
experiencing a minor decline in population from the mid to late 2000s, Poland’s populace has gradually risen
Region(s) Poland annually. Based on current trends, it is estimated that Poland will suffer a population decrease of roughly 4
million in 2050 , an estimate that is highly plausible due to the ongoing financial crisis in Europe.
Number of respondents n.a.
A reason for the country’s slow but certain growth in population could be its economic upturn that has seen
Age group n.a.
momentous improvements over the past decade. Due to industrialization during Russian-ruled Congress
Poland as well as the Great Depression, Poland suffered from high amounts of unemployment. However,
Special characteristics n.a.
demand for jobs dramatically increased during the mid 21st century, causing unemployment to plummet.
Published by IMF Interestingly, Poland is one of the few countries that reported an unemployment rate which was lower than
during the years prior to the global financial crisis. A further indication of economic upturn is evident in the
Publication date October 2021 country’s gross domestic product, which is primarily an indicator of economic strength and production in a
country. Poland’s GDP trend coincides with its unemployment rate, having doubled in value and maintained a
Original source imf.org higher GDP compared to the years prior to the financial crisis of 2008.
Website URL visit the website
Notes: * Estimate. The values have been rounded to provide a better understanding
of the statistic.
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94 References
Hungary: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of Hungary 2026
Description
This statistic shows the total population of Hungary from 2016 to 2020, with projections up until 2026. In 2020,
Source(s) IMF the total population of Hungary amounted to approximately 9.77 million inhabitants.
Conducted by IMF
Survey period 2016 to 2020
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Publication date October 2021
Original source imf.org
Notes: *Estimate. Figures have been rounded.
Back to statistic
95 References
Czech Republic: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of the Czech Republic 2026
Description
This statistic shows the total population of the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2019, with projections up until
Source(s) IMF 2025. In 2019, the total population of the Czech Republic amounted to approximately 10.65 million inhabitants.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Notes: * Estimate. Figures have been rounded.
Back to statistic
96 References
Slovakia: Total population from 2016 to 2026 (in million inhabitants)
Total population of Slovakia 2026
Description
This statistic shows the total population of Slovakia from 2016 to 2019, with projections up until 2026. In 2019,
Source(s) IMF the total population of Slovakia was at approximately 5.45 million inhabitants.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Back to statistic
97 References
Poland: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in Poland 2019
Description
This statistic shows the fertility rate in Poland from 2009 to 2019. The fertility rate is the average number of
Source(s) World Bank children born by one woman while being of child-bearing age. In 2019, the fertility rate in Poland amounted to
1.42 children per woman.
Conducted by World Bank
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by World Bank
Publication date December 2021
Original source worldbank.org
Notes: n.a.
Back to statistic
98 References
Hungary: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in Hungary 2019
Description
This statistic shows the fertility rate in Hungary from 2009 to 2019. The fertility rate is the average number of
Source(s) World Bank children born to one woman while being of child-bearing age. In 2019, the fertility rate in Hungary amounted to
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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99 References
Czech Republic: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in the Czech Republic 2019
Description
This statistic shows the fertility rate in the Czech Republic from 2009 to 2019. The fertility rate is the average
Source(s) World Bank number of children born by one woman while being of child-bearing age. In 2019, the fertility rate in the Czech
Republic amounted to 1.71 children per woman.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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100 References
Slovakia: Fertility rate from 2009 to 2019
Fertility rate in Slovakia 2019
Description
This statistic shows the fertility rate in Slovakia from 2009 to 2019. The fertility rate is the average number of
Source(s) World Bank children born by one woman while being of child-bearing age. In 2019, the fertility rate in Slovakia amounted to
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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101 References
Poland: Life expectancy at birth from 2009 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in Poland 2019
Description
This statistic shows the life expectancy at birth in Poland from 2009 to 2019. In 2019, the average life
Source(s) World Bank expectancy at birth in Poland was 77.86 years.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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102 References
Hungary: Life expectancy at birth from 1989 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in Hungary 2019
Description
This statistic shows the life expectancy at birth in Hungary from 1989 to 2019. In 2019, the average life
Source(s) World Bank expectancy at birth in Hungary was 76.02 years.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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103 References
Czech Republic: Life expectancy at birth from 2009 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic 2019
Description
This statistic shows the life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic from 2009 to 2019. In 2019, the average
Source(s) World Bank life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic was 79.13 years.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Notes: Figures have been rounded.
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104 References
Slovakia: Life expectancy at birth from 2009 to 2019
Life expectancy at birth in Slovakia 2019
Description
This statistic shows the life expectancy at birth in Slovakia from 2009 to 2019. In 2019, the average life
Source(s) World Bank expectancy at birth in Slovakia was 77.47 years.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Back to statistic
105 References
Poland: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in Poland 2020
Description
This statistic shows the age structure in Poland from 2010 to 2020. In 2020, about 15.22 percent of Poland's
Source(s) World Bank total population were aged 0 to 14 years.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
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106 References
Hungary: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in Hungary 2010-2020
Description
This statistic shows the age structure in Hungary from 2010 to 2020. In 2020, about 14.41 percent of Hungary's
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Back to statistic
107 References
Czech Republic: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in the Czech Republic 2010-2020
Description
This statistic shows the age structure in the Czech Republic from 2010 to 2020. In 2020, about 15.76 percent of
Source(s) World Bank the Czech Republic's total population were aged 0 to 14 years.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
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108 References
Slovakia: Age structure from 2010 to 2020
Age structure in Slovakia 2020
Description
This statistic shows the age structure in Slovakia from 2010 to 2020. In 2020, about 15.55 percent of Slovakia's
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
Back to statistic
109 References
Poland: Gross domestic product (GDP) at current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland 2026
Description
Gross domestic product in Poland has been increasing since 2016 and is expected to reach approximately
Source(s) IMF 954.58 billion U.S. dollars by 2026. Poland’s economy tripled in size during the early 2000s, before being hit by
the global financial crisis. After several years of fluctuation, Poland’s GDP recently reached an all-time high of
Conducted by IMF around 597.19 billion U.S. dollars in 2019.
Region(s) Poland Major changes in the nineties

Number of respondents n.a. Poland suffered an economic crisis during the late 1980s, with shortages of goods and a debt crisis among the
reasons for a rising inflation rate . In the two years from 1988 to 1990, inflation increased from around 60
Age group n.a.
percent to almost 600 percent. However, Poland’s GDP began to grow during the 1990s, following the end of
communist rule. Poland’s GDP per capita reflects this change, rising from around 1,600 U.S. dollars in 1990 to
more than 4,300 U.S. dollars in 1999.
Published by IMF

Improving rates of employment
Unemployment rates in Poland have steadily improved over recent years and in 2018 reached some of the
Website URL visit the website lowest levels the country has reported in decades. Poland’s unemployment rate has been declining since 2013
and fell below four percent in 2018. Youth unemployment rates were especially affected following 2008, with
Notes: * Estimate. Values have been rounded to provide a better understanding of the the number of young people without jobs growing by roughly ten percent in just five years. By 2013, almost a
statistic. third of those aged between 15 and 24 years were unemployed.
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110 References
Hungary: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Hungary 2026
Description
The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) in Hungary from 1986 to 2020, with projections up until 2026.
Source(s) IMF Gross domestic product (GDP) denotes the aggregate value of all services and goods produced within a country
in any given year. GDP is an important indicator of a country's economic power. In 2020, Hungary's gross
Conducted by IMF domestic product amounted to around 155.01 billion U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Notes: * Estimate. Figures have been rounded for better understanding of the
statistic.
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111 References
Czech Republic: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 2006 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in the Czech Republic 2026
Description
The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) in the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2019, with projections
Source(s) IMF up until 2026. Gross domestic product (GDP) denotes the aggregate value of all services and goods produced
within a country in any given year. GDP is an important indicator of a country's economic power. In 2019, the
Conducted by IMF Czech Republic's gross domestic product amounted to around 252.5 billion U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Notes: * Estimate. Figures have been rounded for better presentation.
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112 References
Slovakia: Gross domestic product (GDP) in current prices from 1996 to 2026 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) in Slovakia 2026
Description
The statistic shows the gross domestic product (GDP) in Slovakia from 1996 to 2019, with projections up until
Source(s) IMF 2026. Gross domestic product (GDP) denotes the aggregate value of all services and goods produced within a
country in any given year. GDP is an important indicator of a country's economic power. In 2019, Slovakia's
Conducted by IMF gross domestic product had amounted to around 105.13 billion U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
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113 References
Poland: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Poland 2026
Description
The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Poland from 1986 to 2020, with projections up
Source(s) IMF until 2026. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is considered to be
a very important indicator of the economic strength of a country and a positive change is an indicator of
Conducted by IMF economic growth. In 2020, the GDP per capita in Poland amounted to around 15,699.3 U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
of the statistic.
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114 References
Hungary: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1986 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Hungary 2026
Description
The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Hungary from 1986 to 2020, with projections up
Conducted by IMF economic growth. In 2020, the GDP per capita in Hungary amounted to around 15,866.22 U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
of the statistic.
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115 References
Czech Republic: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1996 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the Czech Republic 2026
Description
The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in the Czech Republic from 1996 to 2019, with
Source(s) IMF projections up until 2026. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year. It is
considered to be a very important indicator of the economic strength of a country and a positive change is an
Conducted by IMF indicator of economic growth. In 2019, the GDP per capita in the Czech Republic amounted to around
23,709.18 U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
of the statistic.
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116 References
Slovakia: Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in current prices from 1996 to 2026 (in U.S. dollars)
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Slovakia 2026
Description
The statistic shows gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Slovakia from 1996 to 2019, with projections up
Conducted by IMF economic growth. In 2019, the GDP per capita in Slovakia amounted to around 19,288.57 U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
of the statistic.
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117 References
Poland: Growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) from 2016 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Poland 2026
Description
In 2019, the growth in real gross domestic product (GDP) in Poland was up 4.75 percent from the year before.
Source(s) IMF In 2018, Poland’s GDP reached over 587.43 billion U.S. dollars.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Poland Poland’s economy seems stable

Age group n.a.

Just over half of the country’s GDP comes from its services sector , which includes a growing real estate
industry . Interestingly, Poland is one of the few countries that didn’t experience a recession during the 2008
global financial crisis, and has experienced growth in GDP for the past 26 years. Its unemployment rate , which
Published by IMF dropped dramatically to 3.67 percent in 2018, has consistently been lower than the EU average . As such, most
of Poland’s potential work force is employed.

Poland’s population at work
Notes: * Estimate. Values have been rounded.
Within Poland’s working population, most work in the services sector . A little over half of the population works
in city centers; urbanization in Poland is about five percent more than the global average . Poland’s capital city
of Warsaw has about 1.7 million residents.
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118 References
Hungary: Growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) from 1989 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Hungary 2026
Description
The statistic shows the growth in real GDP in Hungary from 1989 to 2020, with projections up until 2026. In
Source(s) IMF 2020, Hungary's real gross domestic product fell by around 4.96 percent compared to the previous year.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
Back to statistic
119 References
Czech Republic: Growth rate of the real gross domestic product (GDP) from 1993 to 2026 (compared to the previous
year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in the Czech Republic 1993-2026
Description
The statistic shows the growth in real GDP in the Czech Republic from 2016 to 2019, with projections up until
Source(s) IMF 2026. In 2019, the Czech Republic's real gross domestic product increased by around 3.03 percent compared
to the previous year.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
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120 References
Slovakia: Growth rate of the real gross domestic product (GDP) from 2016 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Slovakia 2026
Description
The statistic shows the growth in real GDP in Slovakia from 2016 to 2019, with projections up until 2026. In
Source(s) IMF 2019, Slovakia's real gross domestic product grew by around 2.51 percent compared to the previous year.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
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121 References
Poland: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2020
Unemployment rate in Poland 2020
Description
The statistic shows the unemployment rate in Poland from 1999 to 2020. In 2020, the unemployment rate in
Source(s) World Bank Poland amounted to about 3.55 percent.
Conducted by World Bank Economy of Poland
Survey period 1999 to 2020 Poland holds the sixth largest economy and is the ninth most populated country in the EU, with the country’s
population remaining relatively stagnant over the past decade. Poland’s economy has maintained rather strong
Region(s) Poland and stable, and its GDP was reported to have grown over the past several years, despite being affected by the
global recession of 2009. Various factors that attributed to the fast recovery and maintenance of Poland’s
Number of respondents n.a. economy were a large market as well as multiple economic transformations that were essentially introduced to
help with the country’s transition from the fall of communism. Additionally, Poland sustained a low level of debt,
Age group n.a.
particularly in comparison with the country’s gross domestic product , which indicates that Poland is capable of
paying back its debts without incurring further debt.
Published by World Bank Poland primarily trades with its European neighbors, most prominently Germany. Imports within the country
consist mainly of goods that are used for manufacturing and as a result, Poland reported a trade balance deficit.
Publication date December 2021 However, since these goods are used for the further development of the country rather than for consumption,
a trade balance deficit is seen as acceptable and rather positive than negative. Today, Poland’s industry is
Original source worldbank.org principally focused on machinery, electronics and car manufacturing and has several large mining reserves
available for export and further reconstruction within the country.
Notes: Figures have been rounded. All figures are modeled ILO estimates.
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122 References
Hungary: Unemployment rate from 1991 to 2020
Unemployment rate in Hungary 2020
Description
This statistic shows the unemployment rate in Hungary from 1991 to 2020. In 2020, the unemployment rate in
Source(s) World Bank Hungary was at approximately 4.35 percent.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
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123 References
Czech Republic: Unemployment rate from 1993 to 2020
Unemployment rate in the Czech Republic 2020
Description
This statistic shows the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic from 1999 to 2020. In 2020, the
Source(s) World Bank; Czech Statistical Office unemployment rate in the Czech Republic was at approximately 2.94 percent.
Conducted by World Bank; Czech Statistical Office
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by World Bank; Czech Statistical Office
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124 References
Slovakia: Unemployment rate from 1999 to 2020
Unemployment rate in Slovakia 2020
Description
This statistic shows the unemployment rate in Slovakia from 1999 to 2020. In 2020, the unemployment rate in
Source(s) World Bank Slovakia was at approximately 6.79 percent.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
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125 References
Poland: Inflation rate from 1986 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in Poland 2026
Description
In 2020, Poland had an inflation rate of 3.4 percent compared to the previous year. Inflation is the rate at which
Source(s) IMF the average price level of selected goods and services in an economy increases over a period of time, and
therefore indicates a loss in purchasing power of the local currency.
Conducted by IMF

Poland’s economy in the fast lane
Region(s) Poland

Poland’s low inflation rate encourages fiscal responsibility on the part of the consumers and coupled with a
Age group n.a.
strong growth in gross domestic product (GDP) , the country’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the EU.
Over 56 percent of Poland’s GDP comes from its services sector , which had an increase in its business
confidence index over the last few years - another indicator of an economy on the rise.
Published by IMF

Poland and Germany in the EU

Poland’s biggest import and export partner is its neighbor, Germany. Both countries are influential members of
Notes: * Estimate. Figures have been rounded. the European Union, a political and economic institution with about 16 percent of the worldwide GDP . They are
both among the ten most populous countries of the EU , together claiming over a 100 million of the 512 million
inhabitants in the EU .
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126 References
Hungary: Inflation rate from 1986 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in Hungary 2026
Description
This statistic shows the average inflation rate in Hungary from 1986 to 2020, with projections up until 2026. In
Source(s) IMF 2020, the average inflation rate in Hungary amounted to about 3.32 percent compared to the previous year.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
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127 References
Czech Republic: Inflation rate from 1989 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in the Czech Republic 1989-2026
Description
This statistic shows the average inflation rate in the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2019, with projections up until
Source(s) IMF 2026. In 2019, the average inflation rate in the Czech Republic amounted to about 2.85 percent compared to
the previous year.
Conducted by IMF
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF
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128 References
Slovakia: Inflation rate from 1992 to 2026 (compared to the previous year)
Inflation rate in Slovakia 1992-2026
Description
This statistic shows the average inflation rate in Slovakia from 1996 to 2020, with projections up until 2026. In
Source(s) IMF; World Bank 2020, the average inflation rate in Slovakia increased about 2.01 percent compared to the previous year.
Conducted by IMF; World Bank
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Published by IMF; World Bank
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129 References
Poland: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of Poland 2020
Description
The statistic shows Poland's trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020. Trade balance is the value of exported
Source(s) WTO; Statista goods minus the value of imported goods. A positive trade balance signifies a trade surplus, while a negative
value signifies a trade deficit. In 2020, Poland's trade surplus amounted to around 13.9 billion U.S. dollars.
Conducted by WTO
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by WTO; Statista
Publication date July 2021
Original source wto.org
Notes: This statistic has been calculated by Statista using data from the World Trade
Organization. The trade balance is the value of goods exports minus the value
of goods imported. A positive value indicates a trade surplus, a negative value
a trade deficit. The values have been rounded to provide a bett [...] For more
information visit our Website
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130 References
Hungary: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of Hungary 2020
Description
The statistic shows Hungary's trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020. Trade balance is the value of exported
value signifies a trade deficit. In 2020, Hungary's trade surplus amounted to around 4.89 billion U.S. dollars.
Conducted by WTO
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
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131 References
Czech Republic: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of the Czech Republic 2020
Description
The statistic shows the Czech Republic's trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020. Trade balance is the value
Source(s) WTO; Statista of exported goods minus the value of imported goods. A positive trade balance signifies a trade surplus, while a
negative value signifies a trade deficit. In 2020, the Czech Republic's trade surplus amounted to around 21.54
Conducted by WTO billion U.S. dollars.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
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132 References
Slovakia: Trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Trade balance of goods of Slovakia 2020
Description
The statistic shows Slovakia's trade balance of goods from 2010 to 2020. Trade balance is the value of exported
value signifies a trade deficit. In 2020, Slovakia's trade surplus amounted to around 1.72 billion U.S. dollars.
Conducted by WTO
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
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133 References
Vote share in the Polish parliamentary election in 2015
Poland parliamentary election vote share 2015
Description
This statistic shows the results of the Polish parliamentary election that took place on October 25, 2015. The
Source(s) Poll of polls Law and Justice Party won this election, after gaining 37.6 percent of the votes.
Conducted by Poll of polls
Survey period October 25, 2015
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Poll of polls
Publication date August 2018
Original source pollofpolls.eu
Notes: *Release date is date of extraction
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134 References
Vote share in the Hungarian parliamentary election vote of 2018
Hungarian parliamentary election vote share 2018
Description
This statistic shows the results of the Hungarian parliamentary election that took place on April 8, 2018. The
Source(s) Poll of polls election was won by the incumbent, Viktor Orbán, and his party Fidesz.
Conducted by Poll of polls
Survey period April 8, 2018
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Publication date April 2018
Notes: * Release date is date of extraction
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135 References
Results of the Czechia presidential election in 2018, by round*
Czechia presidential election results in 2018
Description
This statistic shows the results of Czechia's presidential election that took place in January 2018. In the first
Source(s) Poll of polls; Politico round Miloš Zeman had the highest share of votes at 38.6 percent, followed by Jiří Drahoš who won 28.6
percent of the vote. In the second round of votes, after the other four candidates were eliminated, Miloš Zeman
Conducted by Poll of polls won a majority of votes against Jiří Drahoš .
Survey period January 12-28, 2018
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Publication date January 2018
Notes: *
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136 References
Slovakian presidential elections results in 2019, by election round
Slovakian presidential election results 2019
Description
This statistic depicts the results of the presidential elections in Slovakia, the first round held on March 16 and
Source(s) Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic the second round held on March 30, 2019. The winner was Zuzana Čaputová of the Progressive Slovakia party
with 58.4 percent of the votes in the final round. Her main competitor Maroš Šefčovič, the European
Conducted by Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic Commissioner for the Energy Union, obtained 41.59 percent of the votes. Čaputová is the first female and the
youngest president in Slovakia's history.
Survey period March 30, 2019
Region(s) Slovakia
Number of respondents 2,145,364*
Age group 18 years and older
Published by Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
Publication date March 2019
Original source volbysr.sk
Notes: * The number of respondents reflects the number of valid votes recorded in the
first round of elections. In the second round, 1,808,985 votes were cast.
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137 References
Number of MEPs from Poland elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Poland elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Description
This statistic presents the number of MEPs elected by Poland in the European Elections of May 2019, by
Source(s) European Parliament European Political Party grouping. The European Conservatives and Reformists Group won 26 of Poland's 51
seats, with the European People's Party winning a further sixteen.
Conducted by European Parliament
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by European Parliament
Publication date May 2019
Original source europa.eu
Notes: Political groups in the European Parliament EPP - Group of the European
People's Party (Christian Democrats) S&D - Group of the Progressive Alliance of
Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament ECR - European
Conservatives and Reformists Group ALDE&R - Group of the Alliance of
Liberals and [...] For more information visit our Website
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138 References
Number of MEPs from Hungary elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Hungary elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Description
This statistic presents the number of MEPs elected by Hungary in the European Elections of May 2019, by
Source(s) European Parliament European Political Party grouping. In Hungary the center-right European People's Party won 13 seats in the
European Parliament with the center-left Socialists and Democrats group winning five.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
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139 References
Number of MEPs from Czechia elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Czechia elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Description
This statistic presents the number of MEPs elected by Czechia in the European Elections of May 2019, by
Source(s) European Parliament European Political Party grouping. In Czechia, the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats won six seats in the
European Parliament with the center-right European People's Party winning five.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
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140 References
Number of MEPs from Slovakia elected to the European Parliament in 2019, by European political party grouping
Number of MEPs from Slovakia elected to the European parliament in 2019, by party
Description
This statistic presents the number of MEPs elected by Slovakia in the European Elections of May 2019, by
Source(s) European Parliament European Political Party grouping. The European People's Party won four of the 13 seats available in Slovakia
with the Socialists and Democrats having the second highest number of seats at three.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
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141 References
Corruption perception index score of Poland from 2012 to 2021
Corruption perception index of Poland 2012-2021
Description
The index itself is a composite indicator that includes data on the perception of corruption in areas such as
Source(s) Transparency International bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public procurement, embezzlement of state funds, and effectiveness of
governments' anti-corruption efforts. The highest possible score in perception of corruption is 0, whereas a
Conducted by Transparency International score of 100 indicates that no corruption is perceived in the respective country. Poland's index score has
fluctuated between 58 and 56 from 2012 to 2021.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Transparency International
Original source Corruption Perceptions Index 2021, page 4
Notes: * The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) aggregates data from a number of
different sources that provide perceptions by businesspeople and country
experts of the level of corruption in the public sector.
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142 References
Corruption perception index score of Hungary from 2012 to 2021
Corruption perception index of Hungary 2012-2021
Description
The corruption perception index itself is a composite indicator that includes data on the perception of
Source(s) Transparency International corruption in areas such as bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public procurement, embezzlement of state
funds, and effectiveness of governments' anti-corruption efforts. The highest possible score in perception of
Conducted by Transparency International corruption is 0, whereas a score of 100 indicates that no corruption is perceived in the respective country. Since
2012, Hungary's index score has decreased by 12 points from 55 to 43.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Notes: n.a.
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143 References
Corruption perception index score of Czechia from 2001 to 2021
Corruption perception index score of Czechia 2001-2021
Description
The corruption perception index score of Czechia has increased since 2012 when it was 49 to a score of 56 in
Source(s) Transparency International 2019, but recently decreased down to 54 in 2020 and 2021. The index itself is a composite indicator that
includes data on the perception of corruption in areas such as bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public
Conducted by Transparency International procurement, embezzlement of state funds, and effectiveness of governments' anti-corruption efforts. The
highest possible score in perception of corruption is 0, whereas a score of 100 indicates that no corruption is
Survey period 2012 to 2021 perceived in the respective country.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Notes: The source adds the following information: "The CPI is calculated using 13
different data sources from 12 different institutions that capture perceptions
of corruption within the past two years. A score of 0 indicates high perceptions
of corruption and a score of 100 indicates that no corruption is [...] For more
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144 References
Corruption perception index score of Slovakia from 2001 to 2021
Corruption perception index score of Slovakia 2001-2021
Description
The corruption perception index score of Slovakia increased a high of 52 in 2021, compared with 49 in the
Source(s) Transparency International previous year. The index itself is a composite indicator that includes data on the perception of corruption in
areas such as bribery of public officials, kickbacks in public procurement, embezzlement of state funds, and
Conducted by Transparency International effectiveness of governments' anti-corruption efforts. The highest possible score in perception of corruption is
0, whereas a score of 100 indicates that no corruption is perceived in the respective country.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Notes: The source adds the following information: "The CPI is calculated using 13
different data sources from 12 different institutions that capture perceptions
of corruption within the past two years. A score of 0 indicates high perceptions
of corruption and a score of 100 indicates that no corruption is [...] For more
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145 References
Gini index score of Poland from 2004 to 2015
Gini index score of Poland 2004-2015
Description
This statistic illustrates the Gini Index score of Poland from 2004 to 2015. The Gini Index is a measurement of
Source(s) World Bank inequality within economies, a lower score indicates more equality while a higher score implies more inequality.
The Gini index score of Poland has been steadily decreasing since 2004 when the country's score 35.4 to 31.8
Conducted by World Bank in 2015, indicating an increase in equality.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Notes: Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some
cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an
economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Gini index of 0
represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequal [...]
For more information visit our Website
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146 References
Gini index score of Hungary from 2004 to 2018
Gini index score of Hungary 2004-2018
Description
The Gini Index is a measurement of inequality within economies, a lower score indicates more equality while a
Source(s) World Bank; Knoema higher score implies more inequality. The Gini index score of Hungary had fluctuated quite a lot in the past
years, in 2009, Hungary's index score reached a low of 27, but had since increased to 28.7 in 2018.
Conducted by World Bank; Knoema
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by World Bank; Knoema
Original source knoema.com
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147 References
Gini index score of Czechia from 2011 to 2019
Gini index score of Czechia 2011-2019
Description
The Gini index score of Czechia has decreased from 25.2 in 2011 to 24.0 in 2019 indicating a decrease in
Source(s) Eurostat inequality. This index is a measurement of inequality within economies, a lower score indicates more equality
while a higher score implies more inequality.
Conducted by Eurostat
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by Eurostat
Publication date June 2021
Original source Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey
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148 References
Gini index score of Slovakia from 2011 to 2019
Gini index score of Slovakia 2011-2019
Description
In 2018, Slovakia's Gini index score fell to 20.9 indicating that inequality within the country had fallen, when
Source(s) Eurostat compared with the previous year when it was 23.2. During the provided time period, inequality in Slovakia was
at it's highest in 2011, when Slovakia had a Gini index score of 25.7.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Publication date June 2021
Original source Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey
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149 References
Net migration (immigration minus emigration) in Hungary from 2006 to 2019
Net migration in Hungary 2006-2019
Description
This timeline illustrates the net migration (the difference between immigration and emigration) in Hungary, from
Source(s) Eurostat 2006 to 2019, as annual figures. Over the time period observed, the number of immigrants exceeded the
number of those leaving the country. The net migration ranged from 4,277 persons in 2013 to 38,786 persons
Conducted by Eurostat in 2019.
Region(s) Hungary Illegal immigration to Hungary

Age group n.a.

Hungary’s strict asylum policy which detained large numbers of fist-time asylum seekers arriving from conflict
zones gave way to the increasing number of illegal immigrants in 2015. In the same year, almost 12 thousand
third country nationals were found to be illegally present in Hungary. This represented an increase of almost
Published by Eurostat 100 percent compared to 2014. When it comes to Hungarians’ opinion on the topic, as of March 2020, over
two-thirds of the population found illegal immigration a concerning issue .
Original source ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Emigration from Hungary
Notes: * Break in time series ** Provisional

Average salaries, the cost of living, and the lack of job opportunities led to thousands of Hungarians leaving the
country each year. Their primary destinations were other member states of the European Union . Specifically, in
2019, almost 200 thousand Hungarians resided in Germany, another 83 thousand in Austria, and 78 thousand
in the United Kingdom.
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150 References
Net migration (immigration minus emigration) in the Czech Republic from 2006 to 2019
Net migration in the Czech Republic 2006-2019
Description
This statistic displays the net migration, or the difference between immigration and emigration, in the Czech
Source(s) Eurostat Republic, as annual figures from 2006 to 2019. The country saw a sharp increase of immigrants between 2015
and 2016. In 2019, their number experienced another increase compared to the previous year to 105888
Conducted by Eurostat persons. The net migration in 2019 however decreased to slightly over 2800 thousand persons.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Publication date April 2021
Original source eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Notes: * Break in time series ** Provisional *** Estimate
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151 References
Net migration (immigration minus emigration) in Slovakia from 2006 to 2019
Net migration in Slovakia 2006-2019
Description
This chart shows the annual net immigration, or the difference between immigration and emigration in Slovakia
Source(s) Eurostat from 2006 to 2019. Over the observed period, the number of immigrants exceeded the number of emigrants.
In 2019, the number of those arriving in the country increased to 7016 persons, and the net migration slightly
Conducted by Eurostat decreased, compared to the previous year, amounting to 3632 persons.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Original source eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Notes: * Provisional.
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152 References
Number of Polish citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Poland, from 2019 to 2020
Number of Polish citizens in EU member states 2019-2020
Description
This statistic shows how many Polish citizens resided in other member states of the European Union (EU) in
Source(s) Eurostat 2020. Over 919 thousand people with Polish citizenship had a usual residence (stayed at least for one year or
arrived with such intention) in the United Kingdom in 2019. However, Germany was the country with the highest
Conducted by Eurostat amount of Polish citizens in 2020, namely over 703 thousand, a decrease of 0.5 percent compared to the
previous year.
Region(s) Poland, EU
Special characteristics Population on 1 January
Notes: * Provisional for 2020 ** Estimated for the data for 2019. According to the
source, there were no available data for Cyprus and Malta.
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153 References
Number of Czech citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Czechia, in 2019
Number of Czech citizens in EU member states 2019
Description
This statistic represents the amount of citizens of Czechia who had a usual residence (stayed at least for one
Source(s) Eurostat year or arrived with such intention) in other member states of the European Union (EU) on 1 January 2019. The
country with the largest number was Germany, which hosted over 56 thousand Czech citizens. Approximately
Conducted by Eurostat 46.6 thousand persons with a Czech citizenship resided in the United Kingdom (UK).
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Czechia, EU
Special characteristics Population on 1 January 2019
Notes: * Provisional. ** Estimate. According to the source, there were no available

data for Spain, Cyprus, and Malta.
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154 References
Number of Slovak citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Slovakia, in 2019
Number of Slovak citizens in EU member states 2019
Description
This chart shows the amount of citizens of Slovakia who had a usual residence (stayed at least for one year or
Source(s) Eurostat arrived with such intention) in other member states of the European Union (EU) on 1 January 2019. Almost 117
thousand Slovak citizens resided in the Czech Republic. Over 73 thousand were recorded in the United
Conducted by Eurostat Kingdom (UK). The country with the third highest amount of Slovak citizens was Germany.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Slovakia, EU
Notes: * Provisional. ** Estimate. According to the source, there were no available

data for Spain, Cyprus, and Malta.
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155 References
Number of Hungarian citizens in Member States of the European Union (EU), except for Hungary in 2019
Number of Hungarian citizens in EU member states 2019
Description
This chart shows how many citizens of Hungary had a usual residence (stayed at least for one year or arrived
Source(s) Eurostat with such intention) in other member states of the European Union (EU) on 1 January 2019. Over 196 thousand
Hungarian citizens resided in Germany, while over 80 thousand were recorded in Austria. The third country with
Conducted by Eurostat the highest number of Hungarian citizens was the United Kingdom.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Poland, EU
Publication date September 2020
Notes: * Provisional. According to the source, there were no available data for Spain,
Malta, and Cyprus.
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156 References
To what extent to do you agree or disagree that immigrants contribute a lot to your country?
Visegrád residents' opinion on immigrants' contribution in 2018
Description
This chart presents the public opinion of the residents of the Visegrád Group countries (the Czech Republic,
Source(s) European Commission Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) about immigrants' contribution to their country in 2018. In Poland, 30 percent of
the respondents tended to agree with the statement that immigrants contributed a lot to the country. In the
Conducted by Kantar Public; Kantar Czech Republic and Hungary, over a half of the respondents totally disagreed with that statement.
Survey period November 8-22, 2018**
Region(s) Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, EU
Number of respondents 27,424***
Published by European Commission
Original source Standard Eurobarometer 90, Annex, page T126
Notes: * The original question was formulated by the source as follows: "To what
extent do you agree or disagree with each of the following statements?" The
statement was "Immigrants contribute a lot to (OUR COUNTRY)." ** Overall
dates of the survey. In the Czech Republic, the survey was conducted from 8 t
[...] For more information visit our Website
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157 References
What is your attitude toward immigration of people from outside the EU?*
Visegrád residents' opinion on non-EU immigration 2018
Description
This statistic presents the public opinion of residents of the Visegrád Group countries (the Czech Republic,
Source(s) European Commission Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) on immigration of people from outside the European Union (EU) in 2018.
Conducted by Kantar Public; Kantar In the Czech Republic, only one percent of the respondents had a very positive view on external immigration
into the EU, while 49 percent expressed a very negative view. In Poland, 22 percent of the participants shared a
Survey period November 8-22, 2018** fairly positive opinion. Among the total EU-28 respondents, 18 percent argued that the statement "Immigration
of people from outside the EU" evoked a very negative feeling in them.
Notes: * The original question was formulated by the source as follows: "Please tell
me whether each of the following statements evokes a positive or negative
feeling for you." The statement was " Immigration of people from outside the
EU." ** Overall dates of the survey. In the Czech Republic, the survey [...] For
more information visit our Website
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158 References
What is your attitude toward immigration of people from other EU Member States?*
Visegrád residents' opinion on EU internal immigration 2018
Description
This statistic depicts the results of a survey among residents of the Visegrád Group countries (the Czech
Source(s) European Commission Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) about their attitude toward immigration from other European Union
(EU) member states in 2018.
Conducted by Kantar Public; Kantar
The opinions differed between Poland, where only four percent of the respondents had a very negative attitude
Survey period November 8-22, 2018** toward EU internal immigration, and the Czech Republic, where 22 percent shared the same view. Among the
total respondents from EU-28, eight percent argued that the statement "Immigration of people from other EU
Region(s) Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, EU Member States" evoked a very negative feeling in them.
Notes: * The original question was formulated by the source as follows: "Please tell
me whether each of the following statements evokes a positive or negative
feeling for you." The statement was " Immigration of people from other EU
Member States." ** Overall dates of the survey. In the Czech Republic, the [...]
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159 References
What is your opinion on the common European policy on migration?*
Visegrád residents' opinion on European migration policy 2018
Description
This statistic illustrates what the stance of the residents of Visegrád countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary,
Source(s) European Commission Poland, and Slovakia) on the common European policy on migration in 2018. While 55 percent of the
respondents in Poland were in favor of the policy, only 56 percent of the Czech participants expressed a
Conducted by Kantar Public; Kantar negative attitude towards it. Among the total EU-28 respondents, 69 percent supported the European migration
policy.
Survey period November, 8-22 2018**
Notes: * The original question was formulated by the source as follows: "What is your
opinion on each of the following statements? Please tell me for each
statement, whether you are for it or against it." The statement was "a common
European policy on migration." ** Overall dates of the survey. In the Czec [...]
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160 References
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland between 2018 and 2020, by size
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Poland 2018-2020, by size
Description
In 2020, Poland recorded approximately 1.98 million small and medium-sized enterprises, of which micro-
Source(s) European Commission; Eurostat companies constituted the most significant number.
Conducted by Eurostat; DIW Berlin
Survey period 2018 and 2020
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Original source SME key figures 2021: Poland, Summary table
Notes: The data cover the ´non-financial business economy`, which includes
industry, construction, trade, and services (NACE Rev. 2 sections B to J, L, M
and N), but not enterprises in agriculture, forestry and fisheries and the largely
non-market service sectors such as education and health. The following [...] For
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161 References
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hungary in 2020, by size
Number of small medium-enterprises (SMEs) in Hungary 2020, by size
Description
This statistic shows the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hungary in 2020, by their size.
Source(s) European Commission; Eurostat Micro-sized enterprises that employ up to nine people make up the majority of SMEs in Hungary with
approximately 571 thousand of them.
Conducted by European Commission; DIW Berlin
Survey period 2020
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Original source Country SME Key Figures 2021, Hungary, Summary tables
Notes: The source adds the following information: These are estimates for 2017
produced by DIW Econ, based on 2008-15 figures from the Structural Business
Statistics Database (Eurostat). The data cover the 'non-financial business
economy', which includes industry, construction, trade, and services (NACE Re
[...] For more information visit our Website
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162 References
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Czechia from 2008 to 2021, by size
Number of SMEs in Czechia 2008-2021
Description
Data on the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Czechia from 2008 to 2021, by their size,
Source(s) European Commission; Eurostat shows that micro-sized enterprises that employ up to nine people make up the majority of SMEs in Czechia with
approximately 985 thousand of them in 2021.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Original source Country SME key figures 2021, Czechia, table NoE 1DGT
Notes: The source adds the following information: The data cover the 'non-financial
business economy', which includes industry, construction, trade, and services
(NACE Rev. 2 sections B to J, L, M and N), but not enterprises in agriculture,
forestry and fisheries and the largely non-market service sectors [...] For more
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163 References
Number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Slovakia from 2010 to 2021, by size
Number of SMEs in Slovakia 2010-2021
Description
Data on the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Slovakia from 2010 to 2021, by their size,
Source(s) European Commission; Eurostat shows that micro-sized enterprises that employ up to nine people make up the majority of SMEs in Slovakia
with approximately 473 thousand of them in 2021.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Original source Country SME key figures 2021, Slovakia, table NoE 1DGT
Notes: The source adds the following information: The data cover the 'non-financial
business economy', which includes industry, construction, trade, and services
(NACE Rev. 2 sections B to J, L, M and N), but not enterprises in agriculture,
forestry and fisheries and the largely non-market service sectors [...] For more
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164 References
Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Poland compared to other worldwide locations from 2019 to 2020, by
topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Poland 2019-2020, by topic
Description
The statistic shows the ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Poland among 190 economies measured by
Source(s) World Bank Doing Business 2020 study, broken down by topic. Poland's general ease of doing business rank was 40. It
received first place for the opportunity to trade across borders. As a platform for starting a business, the Polish
Conducted by World Bank economy ranked 128th worldwide.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Special characteristics Ranking among 190 countries
Publication date November 2020
Original source https://www.doingbusiness.org/
Notes: * The ease of doing business (EODB) score captures the gap between an
economy`s performance and is a measure of best practice across the entire
sample of 41 indicators for 10 topics. The ranking complements the ease of
doing business score by providing information about an economy`s
performance in b [...] For more information visit our Website
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165 References
Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Hungary compared to other worldwide locations in 2020, by topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Hungary in 2020, by topic
Description
This bar chart illustrates the ranking of Hungary among 190 countries in ease of doing business (EODB) in 2020,
Source(s) World Bank broken down by topic. By its general score, the country placed 52nd worldwide. A member of the European
Union, it received the first rank in trading across borders. In ease of getting electricity for businesses, Hungary
Conducted by World Bank only ranked 125th.
Survey period 2020
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Publication date November 2020
Original source Doing Business 2020: Economy Profile Hungary, page 4
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166 References
Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Czechia compared to other worldwide locations in 2020, by topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Czechia 2020, by topic
Description
This chart illustrates how Czechia was ranked among 190 countries in ease of doing business (EODB) in 2020,
Source(s) World Bank broken down by topic. By its general ease of doing business score, the country was ranked 41st. It placed first in
trading across borders and 11th in getting electricity for business. The lowest rank it received was 157th place
Conducted by World Bank worldwide in dealing with construction permits.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Original source Doing Business 2020: Economy Profile Czech Republic, page 4
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167 References
Ease of doing business (EODB) ranking of Slovakia compared to other worldwide locations in 2020, by topic*
Ease of doing business ranking of Slovakia 2020, by topic
Description
This statistic displays the ranking of Slovakia among 190 countries in ease of doing business (EODB) in 2020, by
Source(s) World Bank topic. With a general rank of 45, Slovakia, which is a member of the European Union, ranked first in trading
across borders and eighth in registering property. The lowest rank the country received was the 146th place
Conducted by World Bank worldwide in dealing with construction permits.
Survey period 2019
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Original source Doing Business 2020: Economy Profile Slovakia, page 4
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168 References
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland from 2008 to 2021*
Average real wage and salary growth in Poland 2008-2021
Description
In 2021, real wages and salaries in Poland grew by three percent compared to the previous year.
Source(s) Central Statistical Office of Poland
Conducted by Central Statistical Office of Poland
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Published by Central Statistical Office of Poland
Publication date February 2022
Original source stat.gov.pl
Notes: * Compared to the previous year.
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169 References
Development of real wages in Hungary from 2010 to 2020 (compared to the previous year)
Real wage development in Hungary 2010-2020
Description
This chart displays the annual rate of development of real wages in Hungary from 2010 to 2020, compared to
Source(s) European Commission; WSI the previous year. Since 2016, real wages in the Central European country continuously increased. Over the
observed period, the highest growth rate was recorded in 2019 at 5.8 percent. In 2020, real wages grew by 1.9
Conducted by European Commission; WSI percent compared to the previous year.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by Hans-Böckler-Stiftung
Original source Europäischer Tarifbericht des WSI - 2019/2020, page 10
Notes: * Projected by the European Commission. Figures for years prior to 2018 were
obtained from previous reports by the source.
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170 References
Development of real wages in Czechia from 2010 to 2020 (compared to the previous year)
Real wage development in Czechia 2010-2020
Description
This statistic illustrates the annual rate of development of real wages in Czechia from 2010 to 2020, compared
Source(s) European Commission; WSI to the previous year. In 2012 and 2013, the real wages in the country were in decline. Since 2014, they
continuously rose at an increasing rate. In 2020, the European Commission projected real wages to increase by
Conducted by European Commission; WSI 0.2 percent compared to the previous year.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Original source Europäischer Tarifbericht des WSI 2019/2020, page10
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171 References
Development of real wages in Slovakia from 2010 to 2020 (compared to the previous year)
Real wage development in Slovakia 2010-2020
Description
This timeline depicts the annual rate of development of real wages in Slovakia from 2010 to 2020, compared to
Source(s) European Commission; WSI the previous year. The real wages in the country were in decline from 2011 to 2012, but they gradually
increased since then. In more recent years, the development of real wages was positive, with a growth rate of
Conducted by European Commission; WSI 3.9 percent in 2017. However, in 2020 real wages in Slovakia were projected to decline by 0.5 percent
compared to the previous year.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Original source Europäischer Tarifbericht des WSI 2019/2020, page10
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172 References
Gender pay gap in Poland from 2007 to 2017, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Poland 2007-2017, by sector
Description
This statistic displays the gender pay gap in private and public sectors of Poland from 2007 to 2017, as a
Source(s) Eurostat percentage of men's average hourly earnings. Over the observed time period, the gender pay gap was higher in
the public sector. In 2017, female employees in the Polish private sector were paid 7.2 percent less than their
Conducted by Eurostat male coworkers. In the public sector, women's average hourly earnings were 15.1 percent lower than men's.
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Special characteristics In unadjusted form
Original source ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en
Notes: * Private sector refers to industry, construction, and services, except public
administration and defense and compulsory social security (NACE Revision 2
code B-S_X_O). Public sector refers to public administration and defense and
compulsory social security (NACE Revision 2 code O). ** Provisional.
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173 References
Gender pay gap in Hungary from 2007 to 2019, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Hungary 2007-2019, by sector
Description
In 2012 and 2013, females working in the Hungarian public sector earned more than men. In 2018, the female
Source(s) Eurostat employees' earnings were on average 18.2 percent lower than men's in the private sector and four percent
lower than men's in the public sector.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
compulsory social security (NACE Revision 2 code O). ** No public sec [...] For
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174 References
Gender pay gap in Czechia from 2007 to 2018, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Czechia 2007-2018, by sector
Description
This statistic illustrates the gender pay gap in Czechia's private and public sectors from 2007 to 2018, as a
Source(s) Eurostat percentage of men's average hourly earnings. Over the observed period, the gender pay gap was higher in the
private sector. In 2018, the wages of women working in the private sector were 20.1 percent lower than those of
Conducted by Eurostat men. The gap in the public sector amounted to 15.7 percent of male employees' average hourly earnings.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
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175 References
Gender pay gap in Slovakia from 2007 to 2018, by sector* (as percentage of men's average hourly earnings)
Gender pay gap in Slovakia 2007-2018, by sector
Description
This chart depicts the gender pay gap in Slovakia's private and public sectors from 2007 to 2018, as a
Source(s) Eurostat percentage of men's average hourly earnings. In recent years, the gender pay gap was generally higher in the
public sector. In 2018, female employees in the private sector received wages 19.4 percent lower than those of
Conducted by Eurostat men. In the public sector, the gender pay gap was 18.9 percent of male earnings.
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
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176 References
Gender equality index of Poland compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2020*
Gender equality index of Poland 2005-2020
Description
Over the observed period, the Polish gender equality index score was lower than that of the EU-28. It increased
Source(s) EIGE from 52.4 to 55.8 between 2005 and 2020.
Conducted by EIGE
Region(s) Poland
Age group n.a.
Special characteristics Index score: 1 = full unequality, 100 = full equality
Published by EIGE
Original source https://eige.europa.eu/
Notes: * The data for 2019 Index is from 2017
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177 References
Gender equality index of Hungary compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2015*
Gender equality index of Hungary 2005-2015
Description
This chart displays the Hungarian gender equality index score from 2005 to 2015, compared to the average
Source(s) EIGE score obtained by all member states of the European Union. Hungary's score was lower than that of the EU-28
over the observed period. It gradually increased from 50.3 in 2005 to 53.1 in 2015. The EU-28 scored an index
Conducted by EIGE of 66.2 in 2015.
Region(s) Hungary
Age group n.a.
Published by EIGE
Original source Gender Equality Index 2017: Measuring Gender Equality in the European
Union 2005-2015 Report, page 89
Notes: * Scores of the Gender Equality Index, ranks and changes in score by EU
Member State, 2005, 2010, 2012 and 2015.
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178 References
Gender equality index of Czechia compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2015*
Gender equality index of Czechia 2005-2015
Description
This chart displays the changes in the gender equality index score of Czechia from 2005 to 2015, compared to
Source(s) EIGE the average score of European Union's member states. Czechia's gender equality index, which was lower than
the EU-28 average over the observed period, increased from 53.6 in 2005 to 56.7 in 2012. Between 2012 and
Conducted by EIGE 2015, the score decreased by 3.1.
Region(s) Czechia
Age group n.a.
Published by EIGE
Member State, 2005, 2010, 2012 and 2015.
Back to statistic
179 References
Gender equality index of Slovakia compared to European Union (EU-28) from 2005 to 2015*
Gender equality index of Slovakia 2005-2015
Description
This chart displays the changes in Slovakia's gender equality index score from 2005 to 2015, compared to the
Source(s) EIGE average score of European Union's 28 member states. In recent years, Slovakia's gender equality index score
was recorded at 52.4. To compare, the EU-28 average index score in 2015 was 66.2.
Conducted by EIGE
Region(s) Slovakia
Age group n.a.
Published by EIGE
Member State, 2005, 2010, 2012 and 2015.
Back to statistic
180 References

Study Id63909 The-Visegrad-Group

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The Visegrád Group

THE VISEGRÁD GROUP

Age structure in the Czech Republic 2010-2020 16

Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Slovakia 2026 30

Gini index score of Czechia 2011-2019 58

Gender pay gap in Czechia 2007-2018, by sector 87

1.6 1.53 1.54 1.55

1.8 1.71 1.71

1.6 1.54 1.56

80 76.7 76.75 77 77.6 77.45 77.85 77.75 77.6 77.86

77.87 78.08 78.18 78.82 78.58 79.03 78.98 79.03 79.13

80 75.96 76.11 76.41 76.81 76.56 77.17 77.17 77.27 77.47

0-14 years 15-64 years 65 years and older

0-14 years 15-64 years 65 years and older

0-14 years 15-64 years 65 years and older

0-14 years 15-64 years 65 years and older

248.95 252.5 245.35

3.14% 3.01% 2.96% 2.88%

2.7% 2.54% 2.5%

Note(s): Czechia; 1993 to 2019

Note(s): Slovakia; 2016 to 2019

10.5% 9.95%9.94% 10.17%

8.5% 7.82% 7.73%

Note(s): Czechia; 1993 to 2020

20% 19.06% 19.38% 18.72%

Note(s): Slovakia; 1999 to 2020

100% 60.2% 70.3%

25% 22.95% 23.46%

11.1% 10%9.1% 10.7%

Note(s): Slovakia; 1996 to 2020

2.0 1.8 1.72

Note(s): Poland; October 25, 2015

Note(s): Hungary; April 8, 2018

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Note(s): Czechia; January 12-28, 2018

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Marian Kotleba 0 10.39%

Frantiek Mikloko 0 5.72%

Béla Bugár 0 3.1%

Note(s): Slovakia; March 30, 2019; 18 years and older; 2,145,364*

Note(s): Poland; 2019

Note(s): Hungary; 2019

Note(s): Slovakia; 2019

Note(s): Poland; 2012 to 2021

Note(s): Hungary; 2012 to 2021

Note(s): Czechia; 2012 to 2021

Note(s): Slovakia; 2012 to 2021

34.0 33.7 33.7

Note(s): Poland; 2004 to 2015

Note(s): Hungary; 2004 to 2018

Note(s): Czechia; 2011 to 2019

Note(s): Slovakia; 2011 to 2019

Immigration Emigration Net migration

Note(s): Hungary; 2006 to 2019

Immigration Emigration Net migration

Immigration Emigration Net migration

Note(s): Slovakia; 2006 to 2019

Private sector Public sector