PROKARYOTIC

AND
EUKARYOTIC
CELLS
PROKARYOTI
C CELL
 Parts of Prokaryotic Cell
Cell Membrane
- just like the plasma membrane, the cell membrane
also encloses the cell from the outside environment.
Cell wall
- protective layer that surrounds some cells and gives
them shape and rigidity
 Parts of Prokaryotic Cell
Capsule
- protects the bacterial cells against desiccation as it is
hygroscopic and contains water molecules

Fimbriae
- allows the bacteria to attach to the target tissues
 Parts of Prokaryotic Cell
Flagellum
- long, thin whip-like appendages attached to a
bacterial cell that allow for bacteria movement

Nucleoid region
- irregularly shaped section of a prokaryotic cell
where DNA is housed.
 Parts of Prokaryotic Cell
Chromosome
the DNA of most bacteria is contained in a single circular molecule called
bacterial chromosome. The chromosome along with several proteins and
RNA molecules, forms an irregularly shaped structure called the nucleoid

Ribosome
just like in the eukaryotic cell, this are the cellular organelles
responsible for protein synthesis and are considered the protein factories
of a cell
EUKARYOTIC
CELL
 Parts of Eukaryotic Cell

Plasma membrane
- Biological Membrane that separates the
interior of all cells from the outside
environment
 Parts of Eukaryotic Cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
- is a series of inter connected membranous sacs and tubules that
modifies proteins and synthesizes lipids. However, these two functions are
performed in separate areas of the ER, the rough ER and the smooth ER
Rough ER:
associated with ribosomes; makes secretory and membrane proteins
Smooth ER:
Function includes synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid
hormones, detoxification of medications and poisons and storage of calcium
ions.
 Parts of Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
- The most prominent organelle in a cell. It houses the cell’s DNA and
directs the synthesis of ribosome subunits and proteins.

Nucleolus
- The nucleolus is organized around regions of some chromosomes
containing DNA that encode ribosomal RNA. The nucleolus aggregates the
ribosomal RNA with ribosomal proteins to assemble the ribosomal subunits
that are transported out through the pores in the nuclear envelope to the
cytoplasm.
 Parts of Eukaryotic Cell
Cytosol
- the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell,
within which various organelles and particles are
suspended

Ribosomes
- Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for
protein synthesis and are considered the protein factories
of a cell.
 Parts of Eukaryotic Cell
Cytoskeleton
- network of protein fibers that secure some organelles in specific
positions, allow cytoplasm and vesicles to move within the cell, and
enable cells within multicellular organisms to move.

Mitochondrion
- known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that
act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them
down and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.
 Parts of Eukaryotic Cell
Peroxisome
- small round organelles enclosed by single membranes. They
carry out oxidation reactions that breakdown fatty acid and amino
acids. They also detoxify many poisons that may enter the body.

Golgi body
- complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the
cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and
intracellular transport.
 Parts of Eukaryotic Cell
Lysosome
- holds enzymes that were created by the cell. It also
digests food or breakdown the cell when it dies.
THANK YOU!