Exam 2 Review

Basic Electro- Potpourri Liquids and Properties of

chemistry Solids Solutions

100 100 100 100

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200
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200
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200 200
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300
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300
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300 300
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400
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400
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400 400
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500
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500
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500 500
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 100: Basic Electrochemistry
• F2(g) has a standard reduction potential of
2.87 V and Cl2(g) has a standard
reduction potential of 1.33 V. Which gas
is a stronger oxidizing agent?

What is F2(g)
 200: Basic Electrochemistry
• A 1.0 M KMnO4 solution is electrolyzed.
This species is reduced at the cathode.

What is MnO4−?
 300: Basic Electrochemistry
• The reactions for a lead storage (car)
battery are shown below.
PbSO4 + H+ + 2e– 
 Pb + HSO4– E = –0.40V
PbO2 + HSO4– + 3H+ +2e–  PbSO4 + 2H2O
 E=
+1.60V


 The net reaction has this potential.

What is Ecell = 2.00 V?
 400: Basic Electrochemistry
• A concentration cell is constructed using
Pb2+ at 0.20 M and 0.020 M. This
potential is measured in the cell.

What is Ecell = 0.030 V?

 500: Basic Electrochemistry
• A Zn|Zn2+ (0.10 M)||Cu2+ (2.50 M)|Cu with
1.0 L of soln in each half cell. After 10.0
hr of drawing 10.0 A, determine the cell
potential.
•
•

What is Ecell = 1.09 V?

 100: Potpourri
• In the Pourbaix
diagram on the
right, which
conversions are
potential
independent
reactions?
What are:
• Mn2+ to Mn(OH)2(s)
• Mn(OH)2(s) to Mn(OH)3– (s)
•
 200: Potpouri
• The quinone/hydroquinone redox couple
has the following reduction reaction:
 Q(aq) + 2H+ + 2e–  QH2(aq)
The slope of a plot of E
Q/QH versus pH for
2

this reaction has this value.

What -0.05916 V/pH unit?

 300: Potpourri
• In an attempt to prevent corrosion, a steel
(Fe) pipe is connected to a piece of Al,
which can act as a sacrificial anode. The
observed rate of Fe corrosion is not
slowed appreciable. Why?

What is the aluminum forms an oxide (Al2O3(s)) preventing

it from acting as a sacrificial anode?
 400: Potpourri
Buffer Capacity
• A buffer capacity
7.00
Addition of Acid
6.00

experiment is
Addition of Base

5.00

performed as you did 4.00

in lab. Based on the 3.00

H
∆p
2.00

data on the right, this 1.00

is the the pKa of the 0.00

buffer. -1.00

-2.00
3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50
Initial pH

What is ~4.50?
 500: Potpourri
• A certain weak acid, HA, has a density of 4.70 g/L
in the gas phase at a temperature of 25  C and
a pressure of 1.00 atm. When 2.30 g of this acid
is dissolved in enough water to make 0.100 L of
solution, the pH is found to be 2.00. This value
is the Ka for HA.
What is 5.26 × 10–4
 100: Liquids & Solids
• You receive a shipment of oranges in the
mail that are arranged in a closest
packed structure. Closer examination
reveals that the structure has only
trigonal and tetrahedral holes. This is the
arrangement of oranges in the closest
packed structure. (CCP or HCP)

What is the hexagonal closest packed arrangement?

 200: Liquids & Solids
• This phenomenon leads to the nonlinear
trend in boiling points.

What is hydrogen bonding?

 300: Liquids & Solids
• Based on the heating curve for this
material below, by what factor is ∆ Hvap
larger than ∆ Hfus ?
0

-50

Temperature ( o C)
-100

-150

-200

-250
0 50 100 150 200

What is a Time

factor of 6?
 400: Liquids & Solids
• On the right is the phase diagram for Xe.
This is the phase you

would find Xe in at

0  C and 1.0 atm.

What is gas/vapor?
 500: Liquids & Solids
• On the right is the structure
of an important
superconductor made
from Y, Ba, Cu, and O.
Based on the structure,
this is the formula of
YBCO.

What is YBa2Cu3O7?
 100: Properties of Solutions
• Pickling (converting a cucumber to a
pickle for example) relies on this
process.

What is osmosis?
 200: Properties of Solutions
• Raoult’s can be used to describe the
vapor pressure of a mixture of two
volatile species. Use the relationship to
sketch the vapor pressure as a function
of χ A when the Pvap of pure A is greater
than pure B and the two liquids mix
endothermically.
• What is: ?
 300: Properties of Solutions
• For which of the following gases would
Henry’s law most accurately describe
the relationship between partial pressure
and mole fraction in an aqueous
solution: HNO3(g), HCl(g) or HCN(g)?

What is HCN?
 400: Properties of Solutions
• Since the lattice enthalpy of KCl(s) is 715
kJ/mol, ∆ Hhyd for Cl– is –406 kJ/mol and
∆ Hhyd for K+ is –278 kJ/mol, the ∆ Hsoln
for KCl(s) has this value.

What is 31 kJ/mol?
 500: Properties of Solutions
• The van’t Hoff factor, i, for a weak acid
such as HNO2 is in this range.


What is between 1 and 2?