INTRODUCTION

By: SHOAIB MUHAMMAD

Introduction to Outcome Based Education (OBE)

Mission of
Vision of Program
Civil Program Course
University University Faculty of Educationa
Engineerin Learning Learning
Vision Mission Engineerin l
g Outcomes Outcomes
g Objectives
Department
Introduction to Outcome Based
Education (OBE)

Mapping of PEOs with University’s

Vision & Mission

Mapping of PEOs with “Vision of

Faculty of Engineering” and
“Mission of Civil Engg Department”.

Mapping of PEOs with PLOs.

Introduction to Outcome Based Education (OBE)

 Difference between CONVENTIONAL system and

OBE system.

UNIVERSITY
Types of Assessment

• Assignments
Direct • Quizzes
Assessment • Exams

• Alumini Survey
Indirect • Employer Survey
Assessment
Course Description
The course will help the students in understanding:

1. Theory and practice of land surveying.

2. The use of various survey equipment.

3. Surveying methods and techniques.

Program Learning Outcomes
 PLO 1. Engineering Knowledge: An ability to
apply knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and an engineering
specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
 PLO 2. Problem Analysis: An ability to identify,
formulate, research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated
conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences and engineering sciences.
Course Learning Outcomes
 CLO 1: To understand basic surveying techniques
used in surveying and levelling. (C2)

 CLO 2: To understand surveying knowledge in the

preparation of cross sections and contour maps.
(C2).
Mapping of CLOs to PLOs
CLO PLO Learning Domain

CLO1 PLO1 Cognitive 2

CLO2 PLO2 Cognitive 2

 Course Outlines
 Basics of Surveying
 Distance Measurement
 Leveling, reduce levels, contouring
 Angles & Directions
 Theodolites
 Transverse Surveys & Computations
 Plane table surveying
 Course Outlines
 Total Stations
 Topographic Surveys and Mapping
 Geographic Information Systems & Global Positioning
Systems
 Surveying Applications
 Recommended Books
 Handouts by Instructor
 SURVEYING Principles & Applications by Barry F.
Kavanagh.
 SURVEYING AND LEVELLING by T.P Kanetkar & S.V
Kulkarni
Note:
 Use lead pencil for making field book.
 Should submit your field note book after
completion of every 2 practicals.
 Be careful about attendance and grading.
 There will be individual grading/marking for each
practical.
 Believe in neat, clean and your own work. Extra
marks for the neatness will be awarded.
Basics of SURVEYING
Lecture - 1
History of Surveying
 1400 B.C.
The Egyptians first used it to accurately divide land into plots for the purpose
of taxation.
 120 B.C.
1. Greeks developed the science of geometry and were using it for precise
land division.
2. Greeks developed the first piece of surveying equipment (Diopter used to
measure the position of stars)

3. Greeks standardized procedures for conducting surveys.

History of Surveying
 1800 A.D. Beginning of the industrial revolution.
1. The importance of "exact boundaries" and the demand for public
improvements (i.e. railroads, canals, roads) brought surveying into a
prominent position.
2. More accurate instruments were developed.
3. Science of Geodetic and Plane surveying were developed.
Definition:
 “The process of getting information about an area and then
represent on a map (drawing sheet) by suitable scale is called
surveying.”
Primary Objective:
 The primary object of surveying is the preparation
of a plan or a map.
Importance of Surveying
EXAMPLES
1. Construction of building.
 Site Selection

 Knowledge of topography (Map)

 Planning building on map.

 Transfer building onto the site.

 WHERE SURVEYING NEEDED???

Importance of Surveying
2. Town Planning
 Site Selection

 Knowledge of Topography (Map)

 Planning town on map

 Transfer the town onto the ground.

 WHERE SURVEYING NEEDED????

Plan & Map:
 A map/plan is a representation of ground and
different features and other information about ground
on a paper, cloth, plastic sheet.

 The representation is called a map, if the scale is

small, while it is called plan, if the scale is large, e.g,
a map of Pakistan, a plan of building.
A Plan:
A Map:
(Five Main Areas Of Surveyor Work)

1. Decision Making – selecting method, equipment and final

point locations.
2. Fieldwork & Data Collection – making measurements and
recording data in the field.
3. Computing & Data Processing – preparing calculations
based upon the recorded data to determine locations in a
useable form.
4. Mapping or Data Representation – plotting data to
produce a map, plan, or chart in the proper form.
5. Stakeout – Establish location of structures, objects, property
corners etc based on proposed plan.
Categories of Surveying:
Geodetic Surveying:
 “The type of survey in which we take into account true shape or curvature
of earth”.
 In geodetic surveying (also called trigonometrical surveying) it is
necessary to take into account the curvature of earth, since large distances
and area are covered.
 Because the shape of the earth is spheroidal (generally we take it as
spherical) the lines connecting any two points on the surface of the earth is
curved or an arc of great circle.
 Precise surveys of great magnitude (e.g. national boundaries, control
networks)
Categories of Surveying:
Plane Surveying:
 “The type of survey in which the surface of earth is

considered to be plane for all x and y dimensions.”

 For long enough area, there will be a difference between the

area of horizontal plane & the area on curved surface of the

earth.
 It can be shown that for surveys up to 100 sq. miles in area,

this difference is not serious.

Types of Surveys:
1. Topographic Surveying – determining the relative locations
of points (places) on the earth's surface by measuring
horizontal distances, differences in elevation and directions.
2. Hydrographic Surveying – Hydrographic surveying
“looks” into the ocean to see what the sea floor looks like.
3. Route Surveys – A survey for the design and construction of
linear works, such as roads and pipelines. Route surveys
establish the location of transportation routes such as:
Highways and roads, Railways, Rapid transit, Canals,
Pipelines, and Transmission lines.
4. Boundary Surveying – establishing property corners,
boundaries.
Types of Surveys:
5. Aerial Surveys – Method of collecting information by
using aerial photography, satellite images etc.
Contd.
Surveying Instruments:

1. Steel Tape

2. Chains

3. Theodolite

4. Total Station

5. GPS Receiver
Survey Geographic Reference:
 Surveying involves measuring the location of Physical land
features relative to one another or relative to defined
reference on the surface of the earth.
 Earth’s reference system is composed of surface divisions
denoted by geographic lines of latitude and longitude.
 The latitude lines runs east and west and parallel to equator.
 The longitude lines runs north and south and converge at the
poles.
Ref: http://www.docstoc.com
Distance Measurement:
 Distances between two points can be horizontal, slope or
vertical and are recorded in feet (foot units) or meters (SI
Units).
 Horizontal distances and slope distances can be measured
with steel tape or with electronic distance measurement
device.
 In surveying, horizontal distance is always required (for plan
plotting and design purposes).
 If slope distance between two points has been taken, it must
then be converted to its horizontal equivalent.
Important Conversions:
 1 feet = 12 inches
 1 meter = 39 inches
 1 yard = 3 feet
 1 furlong = 220 yards
 1 mile = 8 furlongs
 1 Marla = 272/225 ft2
 1 Kanal = 20 Marla
 1 Acre = 8 Kanal or 160 Marla
 1 hectare= 2.47 Acre