TASK

COMPONENTS
Present By:

Mimi Kartika &

Here starts the Rufi Anisa Saidi
lesson!
 Defining “Task”
A task is an activity where the target language is used by the learner for a
communicative purpose (goal) in order to achieve an outcome” (Willis, 1996)

A piece of classroom work that involve learners in comprehending, manipulating,

producing, or interacting in target language while attention is focus on meaning
rather than form. The task should also have a sense of completeness, being able to
stand alone as a communicative act in its own right with a beginning, a middle and
an end.” (Nunan, 2004) 

Tasks are activities that call for primarily meaning-focused language use. In
contrast, exercises are activities that call for primarily form-focused language use.
(Ellis, 2003)
 Task Components

01 Goals
Teacher Role 04

02 Input

Student Role 05

03 Procedures
Setting 06

2
itle. P5
Book T
 01
GOAL

Task Components
 Goal
Are the vague general intentions behind any given learning task.

They provide a point of contact between the task and the broader curriculum.

Goal Type:

1. Communicative: Build and maintain interpersonal relationships and through this to exchange information, ideas,
opinions, attitudes and feelings and to get things done

2. Sociol-cultural: have some understanding of the daily life patterns of their contemporary age group in the target
language speech community; this will cover their lives at home, at school and in their free time

3. Learning-how-to-learn: To negotiate and plan their work over a given time span, and learn how to set themselves
realistically learn goals and how to design the means to achieve them

4. Language and cultural awareness: to have some understanding of language and language which is systematic and how it
works
 02
INPUT

Task Components
INPUT
Such as
• Newspaper
• Television
• Picture
• Internet
• Social media
Refers to th
e data that
from the po
int of
depature fo
r the task an
can be deriv d
ed from a id
range of sou e
rces

 (Hover, 986, and Morris & Stewart-Dore,1984, cited in

Nunan, 2004) 
 03
PROCEDURES

Task Components
 Procedures
 Procedures specify what learners
actually do with the input.
According criteria for the task,
teachers consider the authority of
learning procedures and input.
Another point of criteria for task
selection involves activation rather
than a rehearsal rationale.
Moreover, analyzing procedures
should be based on the focus or
skills required to achieve the goal.
 PROCEDUR 02
TASK CYCLE
ES
01
PRE TASK

TASK
• The Teacher
• The Lerarner
PLANNING
03
LANGUAGE FOCUS

REPORT
• Analysis
• Practice
 04 & 05

Teacher and Learner

Roles

Task Components
Teacher Role and
Learner Role ● Oral situational: learner listen to the teacher
and repeat
● Audiolingual: learner has little control
● Communicative: learner has an active,
negotiative role
● total physical response: learner is a listener and
performer
● The silent way: learners learn through
systematic analysis
● Community Language Learning: learners are
members of a social group or community
● The natural approach: learners play an active
role
● Suggestopedia: learners are pasive

(Richards & Rodgers,1986, cited in Nunan, 2004) 

 05
SETTING
 It relates to the students configuration in carrying
SETTINGS out task. In the communicative classroom, it is
possible that a wide range configuration is applied
although in the practice the configuration may be
limited by the size of the class. Wright 1987:58 in
Nunan 2004:71 illustrates some of ways in grouping
students in the activities such as individual, pair work,

is t h e
small group, and whole class. In order to achieve the
setting nts of goal embedded in the tasks, those components of
me
arrange hich are
om w
tasks should be taken into consideration in creating
classro n the tasks.
i tasks and carrying out the tasks. In addition, the types
implied
of the tasks also give contribution in achieving the
goal
 TASK
TYPES
1. Listing
2. Ordering and sorting
3. Comparing
4. Problem solving
Six task types by willis 5. Sharing personal experience
6. Creative Task
 Thank You

Apakah ada yang ingin ditanyakan??