LESSON 2:

UNDERSTANDING
LOCAL
NETWORKS IN THE
EMERGENCE
OF TRENDS
• COMPLETE ME! DIRECTIONS: COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS BY FILLING
OUT THE BLANKS TO IDENTIFY THE PART OF A WHOLE, BELOW:
• 1. A MOTHER, A FATHER, AND CHILDREN ARE PART OF A ______________________.
• 2. MAYOR AND MUNICIPAL/CITY COUNCILORS ARE PART OF _________GOVERNMENT.
• 3. LUZON, VISAYAS AND MINDANAO ARE PART OF _________________ ARCHIPELAGO.
• 5. T’BOLI AND B’LAAN ARE MEMBERS OF ___________________ PEOPLE.
• 6. TEACHERS, ADMINISTRATORS/HEADS, S T U D E N T S A R E P A R T O F A
___________________.
• 7. FOUNDATIONS AND CHARITY GROUPS ARE PART OF NON GOVERNMENT
__________________ .
• 8. KEYBOARD, MONITOR, M O US E AND SYSTEM UNIT ARE PART OF
____________________ .
• 9. BRAIN, STOMACH, LUNGS, AND HEART ARE PART OF __________________ .
NETWORK– GROUP OF TWO OR
MORE PEOPLE WHO COMMUNICATE
BY EXCHANGING INFORMATION
AND SHARING RESOURCES.
• A NETWORK COMPRISED OF GROUP OF PEOPLE
INTERACTING REGULARLY LIKE FAMILIES, PEERS,
NEIGHBORS, TEACHERS, LEADERS AND MANAGERS.
NETWORK STRUCTURES HELP MEMBERS TO
INTERACT AND SHARE EXPERIENCES FOR SOCIAL
AND PROFESSIONAL REASONS SUCH AS CONNECTING
WITH OTHERS FOR ONLINE INFORMATION SHARING.
• RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS FORM LOCAL
AND GLOBAL NETWORKS THAT CONTINUOUSLY
SHAPE OUR PERSONAL AND SOCIAL WELL BEING.
NETWORKS CAN BE FOUND ANYWHERE AND
EVERYWHERE. EVEN OUR POLITICAL, ECONOMIC,
CULTURAL AND KINSHIP TIES OR RELATIONSHIPS
AMONG OTHERS ARE ALSO NETWORKED IN THE
COMMUNITY.
• NETWORKS ARE ANALYZED IN TERMS OF
DENSITY, HIERARCHY, MULTIPLEXITY,
INTERDEPENDENCE AND
EMBEDDEDNESS (KILDUFF AND TSAL,
2003, PP.3OFF).
• DENSITY.
• THE DENSITY OF A NETWORK IS BASED ON THE
NUMBER OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN AND AMONG
THE ACTORS. ACCORDING TO KILDUFAND TSAI, THE
HIGHER THE NUMBER, THE DENSER THE NETWORK.
THE DENSITY OF A NETWORK DEPICTS THE
POTENTIAL ASSOCIATIONS IN A GIVEN NETWORK
THAT ARE GENUINELY ASSOCIATED, WHILE A
POTENTIAL CONNECTION IS AN ASSOCIATION THAT
COULD POSSIBLY EXISTS BETWEEN TWO “NODES”
OR WHETHER IT REALLY DOES HAVE CONNECTION.
• EXAMPLE: STRONG FAMILY TIES
HOW DO YOU MAINTAIN STRONG FAMILY TIES?
• HIERARCHY-
• ACTORS IN THE NETWORK CAN PULL THEIR INVESTMENTS IN
SOCIAL RELATIONS BY ESTABLISHING RELATIONS WITH A DIVERSE
SET OF GROUPS IN THE COMMUNITY (PREFERABLY GROUPS THAT
ARE NOT CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER), RATHER THAN
ESTABLISHING ALL OF THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH MEMBERS OF
ONE GROUP.
• EXAMPLE: POLITICAL PARTIES AND INFLUENCES
• COMPLEXITY-
• COMPLEXITY IS THE EXTENT TO WHICH A
LINK BETWEEN ACTORS SERVED A
MULTIPLICITY OF INTERESTS IN THE
COMMUNITY. THE MORE COMPLEX
RELATIONS HAVE CONSIDERED HAVE
HIGHER TIE STRENGTH. COMPLEXITY
ALSO REPRESENTS THE EXTENT TO WHICH
TWO PEOPLE ARE BOUND TO EACH OTHER
IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUNDS.
• EXAMPLES: BOTH PARTIES ARE
OFFICE/TEAM MATES AND FRIENDS
• INTERDEPENDENCE-
• THE NETWORK TIES CAN BE USEFUL IN FACILITATING
CHANGE AND REFORM. THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF
SOCIAL TIES IN A COMMUNITY PRODUCES BENEFITS
FOR ACTORS AND MEMBERS. INTERDEPENDENCE
FACILITATES COOPERATION AND CREATES SOCIAL
CAPITAL NECESSARY FOR THE PROGRESS OF THE
COMMUNITY. SOCIAL CAPITAL IS THE ACCUMULATED
BENEFITS AS A RESULT OF THE MAINTENANCE OF A
POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENT
GROUPS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY.
• EXAMPLE: NGO CHARITY WORKING GROUPS, AND
COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM LEADERS,
ORGANIZERS AND ITS MEMBERS
• EMBEDDEDNESS-
• THE NETWORK RELATIONS WITHIN EACH PERSON IS ROOTED
• INCLUDE FAMILY, FRIENDS, AND ACQUAINTANCES. BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS ARE
• HELD TOGETHER BY FORMAL RELATIONS OF POWER AS WELL AS BY CASUAL
• CONNECTIONS THAT INTERFACE INDIVIDUALS CROSSWISE OVER DEPARTMENTAL AND
• PROGRESSIVE LIMITS.
• EXAMPLE: FAMILY OR WORK RELATIONS WITHIN UNITS, RANKS OR DEPARTMENTS
• EMBEDDEDNESS, IN SOCIAL SCIENCE, THE
DEPENDENCE OF A PHENOMENON—BE IT A
SPHERE OF ACTIVITY SUCH AS THE ECONOMY
OR THE MARKET, A SET OF RELATIONSHIPS,
AN ORGANIZATION, OR AN INDIVIDUAL—ON
ITS ENVIRONMENT, WHICH MAY BE DEFINED
ALTERNATIVELY IN INSTITUTIONAL, SOCIAL, 
COGNITIVE, OR CULTURAL TERMS
FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

HOUSEHOLD/FAMILY
 FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 HOUSEHOLD
consists of members of a nuclear or extended family.
Members of the households get involve in family affairs
and family issues that require collective decisions.
 Strong family ties– allows reciprocity, loyalty, support,
and interdependence
 Kanya-kanya Syndrome– inciting envy and
competitiveness
FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

BARANGAY/VILLAGE
 FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 BARANGAY
made up of interdependent household relationships
within a village.
smallest administrative unit in the Philippines.
no household within a barangay is completely self-
sufficient.
 FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 BARANGAY
as a poltical unit, barangay council exerts political
authority over problems involving barangay members.
kinship
sense of community– allows people to feel obligated
to help their neighbors who are in need.
 FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 BARANGAY
mirrors the social structure of the larger society.
susceptible to external forces such as changing
political and economic landscapes of larger societies
and international communities.
FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

COUNTRY/STATE
 FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 COUNTRY/STATE
comprises the entire nation
challenges and opportunities of a local network are
dependent on the kinds of relationships that exist
within a family and a community.
FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

GLOBAL NETWORKS
 FOUR LEVELS OF SOCIAL SYSTEM

 GLOBAL NETWORKS
It is the connections and communications from
local to international communities
Nowadays, digital and social media strengthens
this connection.
The dynamic relationship between local networks
and larger social networks describes what a
network society is.
 LOCAL KNOWLEDGE

Body of community knowledge that emerges

organically from lives, routines, experiences, practices,
and strategies of community people.
Communities’ knowledge and experience can inform
policy makers and state leaders on what policies need
to be created and how these policies should be
implemented.
 FOCUS QUESTION:

How do local networks

influence us?