INTRODUCTION, HANDOVER

TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATION OF

LIFI (LIGHT FIDELITY)
TECHNOLOGY.

JIBIN SIGY
11 8 1 2 6 0 5
S6 BCA

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1. Introduction
 Consumption of wireless data increases by 60% every year
 Due to the increasing demand for wireless data communication, the available radio spectrum
below 10 GHz has become insufficient.
 Lead to phenomenon called a spectrum crunch
 Spectrum crunch: The potential lack of sufficient wireless frequency spectrum needed to
support a growing number of consumer devices

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2. LiFi
 LiFi (Light Fidelity) is a bidirectional wireless optical networking
technology that uses LEDs for data transmission.
 LiFi is considered to be as a light-based WiFi
 Uses light instead of radio waves to transmit information
 Vastly greater light spectrum bandwidth capacity that is
provided by the light spectrum.
 Up to 100 times faster than WiFi and transmission speeds can
go over 100 Gbps

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3. Basic Working
 LiFi is a Visible Light Communications system
A LED light bulb is the light emitter and the reciver
have a photo detector.
The light flickering enables data transmission using
binary codes.
The photo detecter registers a binary number one
when the LED is on and a binary number zero while
the LED is off;
Uplink Communicaton: Device – Source
Downlink Communication: Source - Device

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IEEE Standard

IEEE 802.11BB
 The 802.11 family consists of a series of half-duplex over-the-air modulation techniques that
use the same basic protocol. 
 IEEE has announced the formation of the 802.11bb Task Force who will develop and ratify the
Global standard for LiFi, ensuring LiFi is integrated into every device and every light.

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4. Channel Models in VLC and LiFi
1. Front End Channel
2. Indoor free space channel

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4.1 Impact of Optical Front-Ends on VLC and LiFi Channels
 Front-end electronics: LEDs, LED drivers at the transmitter and optics as well as transmitter,
photodiodes (PDs) transimpedance amplifiers at the receiver.
Drivers and amplifiers are used to exhibit low pass characteristics, which can limit maximum
achievable data rates
4.2Impact of Indoor Free-Space Light Propagation on VLC and LiFi
Channels
 Physical effects, such as reflection and scattering cause different time delays for the arriving
signals.
 Line-of-sight (LoS) path and Non-line-of-sight (NLoS) path.
 The primary channel component in free-space light propagation is the transmission via a line-
of-sight (LoS) path.

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5. LiFi Network
 LiFi encompasses broader networked systems,
including multiuser, bidirectional, multicast, or
broadcast communication.
 The visible light spectrum for downlink and the
infrared spectrum for the uplink.
 A LiFi network includes multiple access points (APs)
 Backhaul connections between APs and the
network gateway

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5.1 Hybrid LiFi/Wi-Fi Networks
 Wi-Fi technology: Inefficient carrier sensing multiple access
scheme and Limited bandwidth.
 LiFi Technology: Cause connection issues due to
Strong blockages
Fast UE movement/rotation
 The cooperation between the Wi-Fi and LiFi networks.

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 5.2 Handover in LiFi
 The LiFi network must support handover when users move across
different light coverage regions.
 There are two types of handover:
1. Horizontal handover: A change of the serving AP from within
the same radio access technology (RAT)
2. Vertical handover: A change of the serving AP belonging to a
different RAT

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Advantages
 Speed & Bandwidth
 Efficiency
 Security
 Availability
 Low implementation and maintenance cost

Disadvantages
 Limited Range
 Limited Compatibility

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 Ap
plic
atio
 Home and building automation ns
 Underwater application
 Hospital
 Vehicles
 Advertising
 Education

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 Conclusion
 LiFi is considered to be as a light-based WiFi
 It can overcome the spectrum crunch
 A LED light bulb emit pulses of light which detected by photodiodes
 The IEEE Standard is IEEE 802.11bb
 There are 2 channel models, Front End Channel & Indoor free space channel
 Hybrid LiFi/Wi-Fi Networks can overcome the problems of each system
 Handover technique is implemented for moving from one AP to another
 LiFi has a lot of application in daily life.

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References
 H. Haas et al., "Introduction to indoor networking concepts and challenges in LiFi," in IEEE/OSA
Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. A190-A203, February
2020, doi: 10.1364/JOCN.12.00A190.
 X. Wu and H. Haas, "Handover Skipping for LiFi," in IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 38369-38378, 2019,
doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2903409.
 H. Haas, L. Yin, Y. Wang and C. Chen, "What is LiFi?," in Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 34,
no. 6, pp. 1533-1544, 15 March15, 2016, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2015.2510021.

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Thank You

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