SCADA/EMS SYSTEMS -

HIERARCHY &
OVERVIEW

By
A.K . Mishr a
AGM
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
REGIONS OF INDIA
Load Despatch & Communication (LD&C) Scheme

POWERGRID has implemented Load Despatch &

Communication (LD&C) Schemes consisting of state-of-
the-art EMS/SCADA and dedicated communication
system for all the five regions of the Country
 MAIN FEATURE IN LD &C SCHEME
CENTRALISED COMPUTER BASED CONTROL AND
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
REAL TIME MONITORING & CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM
OPERATION
REAL TIME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
DYNAMIC PLANNING FOR RELIABLE SYSTEM OPERATION
REAL TIME EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF POSSIBLE
CONTINGENCIES ON THE SYSTEM
QUICK RESTORATION OF GRID IN CASE OF DISTURBANCE
 MAIN FEATURE IN LD &C SCHEME
COORDINATED CONTROL OF MVAR & LOAD FLOW TO
MAINTAIN OPTIMUM VOLTAGE & FREQUENCY PROFILES
OPERATION OF SYSTEM AT IT’S FULL CAPACITY THROUGH
CONTINUOUS CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
EFFICIENT, RELIABLE & SECURE OPERATION OF GRID.
REAL TIME ENVIRONMENT FOR TRAINING DESPATCHERS
TO COPE WITH CONTINGENCIES
DEVEOPLMENT TOWARDS FORMATION OF NATIONAL LOAD
DESPATCH CENTRE
WHAT IS SCADA
SYSTEM
SCADA - SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION

SCADA SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

NETWORK
EHV Network - SCADA /EMS system
 Distribution Network – SCADA/DMS system
S/S Operation - S/s Automation system
 SCADA
ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL S/S AUTOMATION
DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION
NETWORK NETWORK

S/S
DMS FUNCTION EMS FUNCTION AUTOMATION
FUNCTION
HIERARICHAL SETUP OF INDIAN POWER SECTOR

CENTRAL NATIONAL LEVEL

SECTOR MONITORING OF POWER SYSTEM

CENTRAL REGIONAL LEVEL

SECTOR GENERATION TRANSMISSION

STATE STATE LEVEL

ELECTRICITY
GENERATION TRANSMISSION
BOARD

STATE SUB TRANSMISSION LEVEL

ELECTRICITY
BOARD TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION
 HIERARCHICHAL SYSTEM FOR RLDCs

RLDC

STATE LDC STATE LDC STATE LDC STATE LDC STATE LDC

SUB-LDCs SUB-LDCs
SUB-LDC SUB-LDC

RTUs RTUs
 NORTHERN REGION CONTROL CENTRE HIERARCHY

RTUs
38 nos RLDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC

UPPCL RVPN J&K PSEB BBMB DVB HVPN HPSEB

Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC

5 nos 3 nos 1 no 4 nos 4 nos 2 nos 2 nos
2 nos

RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs

82 nos 79 nos 16 nos 40 nos 21 nos 31 nos 42 nos 16 nos
 NLDC HIERARCHICAL SETUP

NLDC

NRLDC WRLDC ERLDC SRLDC NERLDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC

SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC

RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU

 SCADA/EMS SYSTEMS OF RLDCs

NRLDC SRLDC
AREVA SYSTEM GE SYSTEM

ERLDC
AREVA SYSTEM NLDC
AREVA

NERLDC
WRLDC
AREVA SYSTEM
GE SYSTEM
 Responsibilities of SLDCs and Sub-LDCs

SLDCs
Operation, monitoring and control of state owned power system.

Data Exchange with Sub-LDCs.

Data exchange with RLDC.
Sub-LDCs
Operation, monitoring and control of power system data in its
area.
Data Exchange with SLDCs.
 Responsibilities of RLDC

Operation, monitoring and control of Regional Grids.

Allocation of Central Sector Generation.
Data Exchange with SLDCs.
Data exchange with NLDC.
 RESPONSIBILITIES OF NLDC
 Supervision over Regional Load Dispatch Centers
 Scheduling and dispatch of electricity over inter-regional links in
coordination with the RLDCs
 Monitoring of operations and grid security of the National Grid
 Supervision and control over the inter-regional links
 Coordination for restoration of synchronous operation of
national grid with RLDCs
 Coordination for trans-national exchange of power
 CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM

OTHER ICCP LINKS OTHER

CONTROL CONTROL
CENTRES CENTRES

CONTROL CENTRE (MASTER STATION)

CCOMMUNICATION FRONT END PROCESSOR

                MODEM
IEC 60870 –5-101/ MODEM

104 LINKS
MODEM MODEM

RTU /IEDs RTU/ IEDs

IEC 61850 FOR IEDs

T T T T
CT CT
PT CT CT
PT
C& R PANELS
 TYPICAL CONTROL CENTRE CONFIGURATION

WORKSTATION
JUKE BASED DEVELOPMENT
BOX ICCP
SCADA /EMS ISR OPERATOR
COMMUNICATION
SERVER SERVER CONSOLE CONSOLE SERVER
WITH TWO CRT
LAN 1

LAN 2 FROM GPS

TIME SYNCH
SYSTEM TERMINAL SERVER NMS
CONSOLE
OPRATION
SCHEDULING
DUAL CFE
CONSOLE
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
FRONT END FRONT END PERIPHERALS ROUTER
PROCESSOR PROCESSOR

SPLITTER 1
TO OTHER CONTROL CENTERS
MODEM
VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM CHENNEL
/
MIMIC CONTROL BOARD TO RTUs 2X64KBPS
 SCADA FUNCTIONS FOR
REAL TIME MONITORING & CONTROL
RTU DATA ACQUISITION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL
DATA EXCHANGE
DATA PROCESSING
oAlarms
oSequence of Event (SOE) recording
oGeneralised Calculations
DISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTION
HISTORICAL INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL
 EMS SOFTWARE FUNCTIONS
OPERATION LOAD GENERATION POWER SYSTEM
SCHEDULING BALANCE ANALYSIS

Load forecasting Operation monitoring Network Topology

Inflow forecasting AGC State estimation
Unit commitment Economic despatch Contingency
Hydro scheduling Reserve monitoring analysis
Hydro Thermal Loadshed /Restoration Optimal power flow
Coordination  Production costing Transmission loss
Interchange scheduling sensitivity factors
Interchange transaction Post disturbance
evaluation analysis
Current operating plan
Outage scheduling
 FEATURES at Sub-LDC, SLDC & RLDC
SCADA/EMS FUNCTIONS RLDC SLDC Sub-LDC
SCADA
INFORMATION STORAGE &
RETRIEVAL
REAL-TIME DISPATCHING

OPERATIONS SCHEDULING
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

DISPATCHER TRAINING
SIMULATOR
 S/S AUTOMATION
REMOTE SCADA
CONTROL OTHER S/S
CENTRE

IEC 60870-5 /DNP

SUBSTATION RTU
IEC 60870-5 /DNP
IEDs AT BAY LEVEL

CPU
CPU
IEC61850
PSTN
REDUNDANT
DISTRIBUTION
BUS
               
S/S
 TYPICAL REMOTE OPERATION SCHEME
Substation 1 Substation 2

INVERTER PC FOR SCADA

21” 21”

PLCC RTU/

PLCC

PLCC
SIC
PRINTER
EXISTING
SWITCH

PLCC
From EL PC WB(FO)
MUX

MUX

PLCC
PRINTER TO EXISTING ULDC
SYSTEM

From DR PC
 SCADA SYSTEM FOR REMOTE OPERATION

 REMOTE SUPERVISION OF AL LINE & TRANSFORMER PARAMETERS

 ANALOG ( P,Q,V,F,I, WINDING TEMP, TAP POSITION ETC.)

 REMOTE MONITORING OF ALL SWICHING DEVICES STATUS

 STATUS ( BREAKER, ISOLATOR ETC.)

 REMOTE MONITORING OF ALARMS ( CONTROL, PROT. & AUX.SYSTEM )

 REMOTE CONTROL OF SWITCHING DEVICES

 CIRCUIT BREAKERS OPENING, CLOSING INCLUDING SYNCH.

 ISOLATORS OPENING, CLOSING

 TRANSFORMER TAPS RAISE/LOWER

 CONTD.

 REMOTE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ACCEPT/ RESET OF ALARMS

 HISTORICAL DATA STORAGE FOR FUTURE PLANNING

 REMOTE ACQUISITION OF DR & EL DATA

 USER FRRIENDLY FULL GRAPHIC INTERFACE

 REPORT GENERATION FOR MIS PURPOSE

Communication
System
 Dedicated Wideband Communication System
implemented under LD&C Schemes

 Overhead Fibre Optic links with SDH technology :

8056 Kms
 Digital Microwave links with PDH technology: 7900
Kms (164 hops)
 Dedicated Network Management Systems (NMS) for
proper monitoring and control of installed wideband
communication systems in each regions
 Srinagar

Pampore
Udhampur
Kishenpur
Jammu POWERGRID BROADBAND NETWORK
Pathankote Hamirpur
Jallandhar
Amritsar
Moga Shimla
Ludhiana Chandigarh
Hisar
Ambala
Bawana
Panipat
Link to Bhutan
NEW DELHI
Gurgaon
Mandola
Itanagar
Balipara
B’garh
Alwar Dadri Moradabad
Siliguri Bongaiga Tezpur
Agra Lucknow on
Guwah Misa
Kohima
Patna
Jaipur ati
Ko Varanasi Malda
Kanpur
ta Sasaram Shillon
Bhopal
Allahabad Farakk
g Imphal
Gandhinagar Ujjai B’Sharif
a
K’Ghat
n Durgapur
Vindhyachal Agartala Aizwal
Ahmedabad Itarsi Jabalpur Ranchi JamshedpurJeerat
Vadodra Indore Korba
Raipur Rourkela KOLKATA
Nagpur Talch
Surat Dhule BhilaiRengali
Cuttack
er
Nasik Chandrapur Indravati Bhubaneswar

MUMBAI Pune Ramagundam

Khammam
Jeypore Legend:
Vishakapatnam
HYDERABAD Warangal :ULDC OPGW/Overhead
Vijayawada
Karnool N’Sagar ULDC OPGW/Overhead under construction
Gooty Nellore
:ULDC Underground FO Links
Cuddapa
Kolar : ULDC Underground Links under construction
BANGALORE
Mysore CHENN : PDT FO Links
Kannur Salem
Kozikode AI
Coimbatore Trichy : PDT FO Links under construction
Trichur Udumalpet
Kalamassery
Madurai : PDT Underground link
Cochin
Trivandrum : PDT Underground link under construction
Design of FO communication links
 Selection of transmission lines / routes
 Interconnection plans
 Selection of suitable overhead FO cable(s)
technology
 Selection of cables and associated hardware
fittings & attachments
 Selection of communication transmission
technology (PDH / SDH / DWDM)
 Finalisation of repeater locations for long links
 Plan & Design of Equipment, power supply, air-
conditioning etc
 Type of FO cables being used
 Overhead FO cable : Installed on the transmission
line towers
 Approach cable : To connect overhead FO cable
at the gantry tower with the transmission
equipment in the communication room inside the
sub-station area
 Underground FO cables : Installed inside the
ducts below ground through open cut trenching
or through trenchless digging
 Types of Overhead Fibre Optic Cables

 Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) : Ground wire of

existing transmission line is replaced by OPGW
cable having fibres inside and ground wire outside.

 Wrap Around : FO cable wrapped around ground

wire.

 All Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) : FO cable

strung separately on the transmission towers as a
conductor.
OVERHEAD FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION

OPGW

WRAP AROUND

ADSS
 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
OF LD&C SCHEMES
REGION STATUS COMPLETION SCHEDULE

NORTHERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN

OPERATION Jan 2002

SOUTHERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN

OPERATION Jan 2002

NORTH EASTERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN

OPERATION Mar 2003

EASTERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN JULY,05

OPERATION

WESTERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN JAN,2006

OPERATION

NLDC UNDER IMPLEMENTATION June,2008

 HIERARCHICAL CONTROL CENTRE SETUP
NLDC

5 Nos. NRLDC ERLDC SRLDC NERLDC WRLDC

29 Nos. SLDC SLDC SLDC

48 Nos. SUBLDC SUBLDC SUBLDC

1080 Nos. RTU RTU RTU

 SCOPE OF WORKS FOR LD&C SCHEMES

Region Total Control Centres (Nos.) Wide band

RTUs Links

RSCC SLDC SUB- Total FO MW

LDC/ Links Hops
CPCC
(Kms.)

Northern 369 1 8 24 33 2142 78

Southern 281 1 4 14 19 2339 35

North- 66 1 7 0 8 964 12
Eastern

Eastern 197 1 5 5 11 1520 40

Western 167 1 5 5 11 1489 0

TOTAL 1080 5 29 48 82 8454 165

 REGIONAL LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE LOCATIONS

SNO CONTROL CENTRE LOCATION

1 NLDC (UNDER IMPLEMENTATION) – Main NEW DELHI

NLDC – Backup Kolkata

2 NRLDC NEW DELHI

3 WRLDC MUMBAI

4 SRLDC BANGALORE

5 ERLDC KOLKATA

6 NERLDC SHILLONG
 BENEFITS OF LD&C SCHEME
Reduce outages  Reduce loss of
energy
Quick localization of
faults Reduce operational
costs
Improve restoration
time Improve customer
service
Ensure efficient
utilization of substation Better operational and
equipments management control
Improve power quality Availability of historic
data
Reduce maintenance
cost  Better load planning
THANK YOU