R I Z A L

Seculirization to
Filipinization of parishes
By: Dexter Acopiado
CONTENTS
THE SECULARIZATION MOVEMENT

THE LIBERAL AND STRONG ARM RULE

THE MOVEMENT FOR REFORMS

 THE
SECULARIZATION
MOVEMENT
SECULARIZATION
SECULAR - CHRISTIAN CHURCH

Pope Pius allowed regular

priests to head the new
parishes due to lack of
secular priest.

The designation of parish

Regular priests are under priest became the cause
superiors of the religious
of rifts between regular
orders called “Kura
priests and the bishop.
Paroko”, while secular
priests are under bishop
authority.

POPE PIUS
SECULARIZATION
• The visitation was rejected by the parish priests, who threatened to resign and abandon their parishes if it
went forward.

• Bishop Basilio Santa Justa was forced to ordain Filipino seminarians and place them in parishes in the 18th
century. It was the first time that secularization was put to the test.

• Because the secular priests were unprepared at the time, the friars protested the secularization,
promptingthe King to issue a fresh edict in 1776. The ruling put a halt to parishes secularization.

• The regular priests kept control of the parishes, and Spaniards implemented a secularization campaign in
the 19th century, with the parishes being taken over by them.

• The return of the Jesuitws to intensify desecularization in 1859.

• The government decree strengthened desecularization in 1861.

SECULARIZATION
• Native priests or known as Filipino priests objected, but their voices were not heard.
• Father Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA) are the campaign’s leaders.
• Father Pedro Pelaez, who is a Spanish mestizo, protested the 1861 edict in a letter to the Queen. He also
created the publication “El Eco Filipino”, which advocated for fairness and equal representation for Filipino
priests.
• Archbishop Martinez petitioned the Queen to overturn the 1861 edict and establish eminary training
program for Filipino priests. This appeal should not be ignored because it may lead to animosity toward
native priests, friars, and Spaniards in the Philippines.
• The issue of secularization got more serious and turned into a problem of FIlipinization of parishes.
• Secularization entailed granting Filipino and Spanish priests equal authority over parishes.
• Due to the hubris of Spanish priests, FIlipino priests werer stripped of their parishes, nocause of a lack of
ability, but because they were indigenous.
 THE LIBERAL
LEADERSHIP AND
THE STRONG
ARM RULE
THE LIBERAL LEADERSHIP AND THE STRONG ARM RULE

• 1869 – 1871 – Liberal leadership

• He helped in the growth of the nascent reform movement of the Philippines.

• A product of Liberalism in the Spanish revolution of 1868.

• He lived and dressed simply.

• He is associated with the natives and mestizos.

• Supported the freedom of the press.

• He reduced the punishment for deserters among the native soldiers.

• One of the most popular governor-general among Filipinos.

• Proposed secularize education and government’s management of educational institutions

GOVERNOR-GENERAL
CARLOS MARIA DE LA
in the land.
TORRE
• Spain recall him in 1871 when the liberals fell from power.
THE LIBERAL LEADERSHIP AND THE STRONG ARM RULE

• 1871 – 1873 – the Iron first rule

• He removed the mestizos and natives in the military and government.

• He recalled the priveleges of the Filipino workers in Cavite arsenal that exempted
them from taxes and forced labor.
• Soldiers and workers protested in 20th of January 1872 against him.
• Ordered the arrest of some prominent Filipino priest lawyer, and merchants.

• Arrest of the GOMBURZA as they accused as the leader of the antigovernment

conspiracy and were executed on February 17, 1872.

GOV. RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO

 THE
MOVEMENT
OF
REFORMS
THE MOVEMENT FOR REFORMS

• The demands of the FIlipino middle calss or Bourgeoisie - the well to do.

• The merchants and ilustrados - all revolved the abuses of the authorities.

They asked the authorities in Europe to make the Philippines a Spanish province. They believed that if
the Philippines were a province of Spain, the FIlipinos would have representative in the cortes, the span is
legislature. As citizens of Spain, they will then spread from Spanish officials’ abuses and from paying unjust
taxes. They called this program “Assimilation”.

• Youths who joined the movement were: Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Jose Rizal, Antonio
Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose M. Panganiban, and Eduardo de Lete.
THE MOVEMENT OF REFORMS

• Also known as Pladeril, an anagram of his surname Del Pilar.

• He is a journalist of the reform movement.

• He becae a reformist since 1880. He used the plazas, cockfighting arenas, and small stores
to campaign against colonial abusers.
• He fled to spain in 1888 after the authorities ordered his arrest in the Philippines.

• He became and editor of La Solidaridad in 1889 to 1895.

• Author of Dasalan at Toksohan, Sagot ng España sa Hibik ng FIlipinas, Pasiong Dapat Ipag-
alab nang Puso nang Taong Babasa, La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas, etc.
• He died on July 4, 1896 due to an illness.
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
THE MOVEMENT OF REFORMS

• He founded the reform movement.

• Author of “Fray Botod”, which means a Big-Bellied Friar. The story is all about the ignorance,
abuses, and immortality of fat friars and this story became immensely famous.
• The story cause him to be haunted and escaped Spain in 1880.
• He is also the first editor of the famous newspaper “La Solidaridad”.

• He died on January 20, 1896 due to tuberculosis in Barcelona, Spain.

GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

THE MOVEMENT OF REFORMS

• Studied medicine in Spain in 1882.

• Author of the novel “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo”, which described the
corruption of the friars, use and abuse of religion to oppress and exploit, the ignorance and
corruption of the colonial government, and the limitations of the Philippine educational
system.
• He also wrote “A la Juventud Filipina” and “Mi Ultimo Adios”.
• Believed that the changes may attained through peaceful means.

• Went back to the Philippines in 1892

• He was arrested and imprisoned in Fort Santiago, and exile in Dapitan for four years.
JOSE RIZAL
• He was sentenced to death and shot in Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896.
• A newspaper that was published by the Filipinos involved in the propaganda movement.

• It was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889.

• It aims to exposed the Philippine situation, defend Filipinos from attackes of the friars’ paid writers, and
publish studies about the Philippines and the Filipinos.

• It was banned by Spaniards but FIlipinos manage to sneak copies into the country.

• Failed to achieve the reform in Spain but exposed the abuses of the colonialist in the country.

• The last issue came out on November 15, 1895.

LA LIGA FILIPINA AND THE REFORMIST

• The reformist estalbished various organizations both in the Philippines and Spain.

• The first organization was the "Circulo Hispano-Filipino," which was later superseded by the "Association
Hispano-Filipino," a group of Spanish-Filipinos that supported the use of laws in the administration of the
Philippines.

• The propagandist used the organization of the Mason to unite their ranks.

• The “Revolucion” branch in Barcelona, founded by Lopez Jaena, has been superseded by the “La
Solidaridad” branch in Madrid, which brings together reformists.

• In the Philippines, Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio Luna were responsible with organizing branches.

• La Liga Filipina is established by Jose Rizal and the reformist on July 13, 1892 in Tondo.
LA LIGA FILIPINA AND THE REFORMIST

• The aim of La Liga Filipina are to unite the entire archipelago, help its members in their needs, struggle
against violence and injustice, encourage its members into studying agriculture and commerce, and work
for reforms.

• La Solidaridad and La Liga Filipina were unable to persuade the Spanish government to listen to their
demands. As a result, The Propaganda Movement's reform drive failed.

• The Propaganda movement failed, but it did contribute to the spread of nationalist awareness and the
preparation for the 1896 Revolution.

• La Solidaridad is contradicted by the friars newspaper called “La Politica en Filipinas.”

• La Liga Officials: Ambrosio Salvador as the President, Agustin Dela Rosa as the Fiscal, Bonifacio Arevalo as
the Treasurer, and Deodato Arellano as the Secretary.
THANK
YOU!