THERMAL POWER PLANT

NAME : AYESHA KHADRI

USN : 1WS18AT001
 INTRODUCTION
 A thermal power plant converts heat energy of coal into electrical
enegry.
 The coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam. The
expansion of steam in turbine produces mechanical power which drives
the alternator coupled to the turbine.
 Thermal power plants contribute maximum to the generation of power
for any country.
 Thermal power plants constitute 75.43% of the total installed captive
and non-captive power generation in India.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Firstly the water is taken into the boiler from a water source. The
boiler is heated with the help of coal.
 The increase in temperature helps in the transformation of water into
steam. The steam generated in the boiler is sent through a steam
turbine.
 The turbine has blades that rotate when high velocity steam flows
across them. This rotation of turbine blades is used to generate
electricity.
 A generator is connected to the steam turbine. When the turbine turns,
electricity is generated and given as output by the generator, which is
then supplied to the consumers through high voltage power lines.
BASIC LAYOUT AND WORKING OF
THERMAL POWER PLANT
 The components used in Thermal power plant:

 Boiler
 Turbine
 Deaerator
 Heat exchanger
 Superheater
 Economizer
 Condenser
 Feed water heater
 Chimney
 Cooling tower
WORKING :
 The boiler uses to increase the temperature of water and make hot water or steam
and this steam is wet steam. So, wet steam passes through superheater and
makes a very high-pressure and high-temperature steam. The deaerator use to
remove oxygen and other dissolved gases from the supplied water.
 This steam is sufficient to rotate the turbine at very high speed. So, high pressure
and high-temperature steam is pass to the turbine, where thermal energy
converts into (kinetic) rotational energy. The turbine connects with the shaft of
the alternator. So, this mechanical energy converts into electrical energy with the
help of alternators.
 The heat exchanger uses to transfer heat from one medium to another
medium. so, the heat exchanger use to increase efficiency and minimize losses.
 The economizer use to increase the streaming rate, saving fuel
consumption, and boiler efficiency. The condensers use steam ejectors or
rotary motor driven exhausts for continuous removal of air and gases from
the steam side to maintain the vacuum. The temperature in the condenser
must be kept as low as practical.
 The feed water heater is equipment that uses to raises the temperature
of the water by utilizing extraction steam from various stages of the
turbine. Once steam passes through HT turbine, it again superheated and
passes through LT turbine.
 After that, steam passes through economizers and cooling tower, which
converts steam in water and this water again use in the boiler to generate
steam.
 After combustion of coal, ash remains at the bottom of the boiler, this ash
pass to the ash handling plant. Where ash is stored and it is not
allowed to pass into the atmosphere through the chimney. So this is how
thermal power plants are works.
 ADVANTAGES :
 The Installation cost is low as compared to other power generation like
Hydropower plant.
 Even less space required.
 The fuel we use in the Thermal Power Plant is cheaper.

DISADVANTAGES:
 Global warming increases because it pollutes the atmosphere due to
the production of a huge amount of smoke.
 The thermal power plant’s overall efficiency is low as below thirty (30)
percent.