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Pipeline Engineering (Unit 1) Lecture 1
Pipeline Engineering (Unit 1) Lecture 1
(20PEB331E)
REFERENCES
Alkazraji Duraid, (2008) A quick guide to pipeline engineering WOODHEAD Publishing Limited
Vincent, Jecqes (2010) Fundamentals of Pipeline Engineering, Gulf Publishing
Antaki, G. A. (2003) Piping and Pipeline Engineering, Marcell Dekker.
Modelling of oil and products and gas pipeline transportation by Mikhail V Luric
Pipeline Engineering by Henry Liu
Pipeline
Pipe is defined as a closed conduit, usually of circular cross section. It can
be made of any appropriate material such as steel or plastic.
• Pipelines were then of very basic types to move oil from drill holes to nearby
tankers or refineries.
• With the growth of the oil business, transporting oil over larger distances
became necessary; quality control of pipe manufacturing became a challenge.
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Taxonomy of Pipeline
Taxonomy of Pipeline (Contd…)
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PIPELINE PIPING
Series of straight pipe welded Complex network of pipe & fittings
together for a long distance within the defined boundaries of the
plant
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Crude Oil Pipelines
Crude is collected by pipelines from inland production areas
Most crude oil pipelines are underground (though some are above
ground such as parts of the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline System, TAPS)
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Petroleum Pipeline Systems
Natural Gas Pipelines
Three major types of pipelines are found along the transportation
route bringing natural gas from the point of production to the point of
use:
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Modes of Transportation
Modes of Transportation
Tankers are generally cost effective for medium to large volumes when transported over very long
distances. They also offer flexibility in loading and unloading point.
They can be chartered at short notice (when available) without any capital cost.
Rail cars are mostly used for products, but have been used to transport small and medium
quantities of crude oil where there is existing rail infrastructure.
Road transportation by truck is viable only for transporting small quantities over short distances.
Road transportation is mainly used for products, but has been used for crude oil.
Barges are mainly used for transporting products over short to medium distances. They are
normally used in coastal areas or where there is an existing river/canal infrastructure.
Pipelines can be used for oil, gas and products, and are usually the only viable option for gas.
Pipelines can be used over a range of volumes and distances. However, for very short distances
and small volume or seasonal demand or for very long distances, Pipeline is unlikely to be cost
effective.
Pipeline Mode of transport
Fixed location,
High capital cost,
Long lead-time for construction, and
Limited throughput flexibility.
Important Pipelines in India
1. Naharkatia-Barauni-Nunmati Crude Pipeline (1,167 km long, first
in India)
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Category
Onshore GAIL
Natural Gas Pipeline in India
Sub-category Type of Pipeline / Owner/Name of Pipeline
GAIL Total*
Length (KM) - 31.03.2017
11077.393
Onshore GAIL HVJ-GREP-DVPL 4659
Onshore GAIL DVPL-GREP Upgradation (DVPL-II & VDPL) 1118.73
Onshore GAIL Chhainsa-Jhajjar-Hissar P/L (SNPL PART) 265.02
Onshore GAIL Dadri Bawana Nangal 835.227
Onshore GAIL Dahej-Panvel-Dhabol 874.97
Onshore GAIL Kochi-Koottanad-Bangalore- Mangalore (Phase-1) 48
Onshore GAIL Dhabol Bangalore 1097.41
Onshore GAIL South Gujarat Regional 538
Onshore GAIL North Gujarat Regional (Ahmedabad) 133
Onshore GAIL Rajasthan Regional (Jaisalmer) 151.399
Onshore GAIL Cauvery Basin 278.152
Onshore GAIL K G Basin 881.38
Onshore GAIL Assam (Lakwa) 7.825
Onshore GAIL Tripura (Agartala) 60.6
Onshore GAIL Mumbai Regional 128.68
Onshore IOCL: Dadri Panipat
IOCL:RLNG
Dadri
Pipeline
Panipat RLNG Pipeline 140.413
Onshore ONGC: 20'' Agartala
ONGC:Dome-OTPC
20'' Agartala
Palatana
Dome-OTPC Palatana 52.8
Onshore GSPL: Network incl.
GSPL:Spur
Network
Lines incl. Spur Lines 2612
Onshore DNPL: Duliajan toDNPL:
Numaligarh
Duliajan to Numaligarh 192
Onshore AGCL: Duliajan toAGCL:
Numaligarh(2)
Duliajan to Numaligarh(2) 619.094
Onshore RIL: East-West Pipeline(3)
RIL: East-West Pipeline(3) 1480
Onshore Cairn: Raageshwari
Cairn:
Bhogat
Raageshwari
PipelineBhogat Pipeline 592
Onshore Total Onshore GasTotal
Pipeline
Onshore Gas Pipeline 16765.7
Off shore ONGC ONGC 987
Off shore ONGC 28" MUT Gas Pipeline 204
Off shore ONGC 26" BUT Gas Pipeline 203
Off shore ONGC 26" HUT Gas Pipeline 81
Off shore ONGC 36" BPA - Hazira (gas) 231
Off shore ONGC 42" BPB - Hazira (gas) 244
Off shore ONGC 20" Uran Trombay Gas Trunk Line 24
Off shore Total Off shore Gas
Total
Pipeline
Off shore Gas Pipeline 987
Total Gas Pipeline
Total Gas Pipeline
Total Gas Pipeline 17752.7
World’s Longest Natural Gas Pipelines
1. West-East Gas Pipeline – 8,707 km
― Operated by PetroChina, connecting Tarim Basin in Xianjing to Shanghai
with a carrying capacity of 17 billion cubic meters per year
Pig Traps are required to allow the safe loading, launching, receiving
and retrieval of pigs without disrupting the fluid in the pipeline. Most
pipelines usually require routine as well as intelligent pigging to
monitor the condition and the integrity of the line.
Block Valve Stations are used to isolate section of the pipeline and
limit the release of line contents in the event of a leak or pipeline
rupture. For liquid lines, the spacing is usually based on limiting
potential spill volume for pollution consideration. For gas lines,
spacing is mainly based on safety and economic factors.