Biological Evolution

of Early Humans and

Modern Humans

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Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, the learners should have

learned to:

1. Explain the concepts of evolution;

2. Describe the relationship between apes and
human; and
3. Discuss the evolution of human species and
their characteristics.

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Biological Evolution

is the change in
inherited traits over
successive generations
in populations of
organisms. 

is the change in
inherited traits over
successive generations
in populations of
organisms. 

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The Relationship
Between Apes and
Humans
a large primate that lacks
APES a tail, including the
gorilla, chimpanzees,
orangutan, and gibbons.

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Humans did not evolve from
chimps. 

 Chimpanzees and humans

share a recent common
ancestor.

Ever since researchers

sequenced the chimp, they
have known that humans
share about 98.5% of our
DNA with chimpanzees,
making them our closest
living relatives
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 SPECIES AND IT’S CHARACTERISTICS

Homo habilis
This species, one of the earliest
members of the genus Homo, has a
Handy Man slightly larger braincase and smaller
face and teeth

long arms and a moderately-

prognathic face.

Its name, which means ‘handy man’,

was given in 1964 because this
species was thought to represent
the first maker of stone tools. 

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 Homo habilis

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Homo rudolfensis

Originally considered to be H.

habilis, the ways in which H.
rudolfensis differs is in its larger
braincase, longer face, and
larger molar and premolar teeth.

a braincase size of 775 cubic

centimeters

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 Homo rudolfensis

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Homo erectus
The species name means “Upright Man”

are the oldest known early

humans to have possessed
modern human-like body
proportions with relatively
elongated legs and shorter
arms compared to the size
of the torso.

They were the first to use

axe and knives and produce
fire.
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 Homo erectus

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Homo heidelbergenesis
His early human species had a
very large brow ridge, and a larger
braincase and flatter face than
older early human species.

It was the first early human species

to live in colder climates

It was the first species to build

shelters, creating simple dwellings
out of wood and rock.

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Homo heidelbergenesis

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Homo floresiensis
nicknamed ‘Hobbit’

stood approximately 3 feet 6

inches tall, had tiny brains, large
teeth for their small size,
shrugged-forward shoulders, no
chins, receding foreheads

Despite their small body and brain

size, H. floresiensis made and
used stone tools, hunted small
elephants and large rodents
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 Homo floresiensis

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Homo sapiens

The species that you and all other

living human beings on this planet
belong to this Homo sapiens.

The species name means “Wise

Man”

the average size is approximately

1300 cubic centimeters

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 Homo sapiens

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 Homo sapiens neanderthalensis
Nickname: Neanderthal

our closest extinct human relative.

But their brains were just as large as

ours and often larger

The first to practice burial of their dead,

hunting, and gathering food and sewing
clothes from animal skin using bone
needles.

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Homo sapiens neanderthalensis

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 Homo sapiens sapiens

They were the first to produce art in

cave paintings and crafting tools and
accessories

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Homo sapiens sapiens

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 References

Mariano M. Ariola (2016). Understanding Culture, Society

and Politics. Room 215 ICP Building, Cabildo St.,
Intramuros, Manila, Unlimited Books Library Services
and Publishing Inc.

Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. Dela Cruz, Dennis

S. Erasga, Cecile C. Fadrigon (2016). Understanding
Culture, Society, and Politics. 927 Quezon Avenue.,
Quezon City, Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

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