Influence of Nano Silica Coating on the Color

and Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Ceramics

Ahmed Gamal Abdelnabi

A Research Proposal Submitted To Faculty of
Dentistry Minia University in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Doctora Degree .
 Supervisors

Prof\Cherif Adel Mohsen

Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics Department
Vice Dean for Community Service and
Environmental Development.
Faculty of dentistry
Minia University
Introduction
• Zirconia-based restorative materials have been
used as core materials for single crowns and fixed
dental prostheses due to their superior esthetics,
biocompatibility, and high mechanical strength.
Its mechanical properties are similar to metals
and, at the same time, its color is similar to that of
natural teeth.
• The excellent strength, high fracture toughness,
excellent abrasion resistance, toughness, fatigue
resistance, and aesthetic properties of zirconia are the
reason for it being labeled as “ceramic steel”. These
properties are considered to be the ideal set of
characteristics required of a material used in dental
applications.
• Unlike glass ceramics, etching is not possible for
yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia due to the high
crystalline content and glass free structure. Zirconium
ceramics are aesthetically acceptable, mechanically
resistant, and biologically more compatible.

• However, the adhesion ability of zirconium ceramics

is still controversial.
• Several surface treatment methods have been tried, including
roughening the surface with diamond rotary systems, airborne-
particle-abrasion, surface fluorination, Nano alumina coating,
hydrofluoric acid etching after fused glass-ceramic application, hot
chemical etching, selective infiltration etching, laser irradiation,
and modifying the surface through a silica coating. Of all these
methods, airborne-particle-abrasion, is to create micro retentions.
• Nanotechnology is the art and science of
material engineering in a scale of less
than 100 nm. It revolutionized the medical
and dental fields by improving
mechanical and physical properties of
materials, helped introduce new
diagnostic modalities.
• The advent of nanotechnology has provided new opportunities to
improve the application of materials in dentistry, including silica.

• The advances provided by technology have expanded the dental

applications of silica beyond the use as a filler component in
resins, to targeting the dental biological interface through
inherent bioactive properties, as well as drug delivery to
influence cells and promote bacterial resistance through
antimicrobial properties.
• Silica in general has long been used in
dentistry because of its aesthetic properties
of color, shine, and durability. Silica-based
nanomaterial are now being investigated to
attempt to enhance these endogenous
qualities
 The null hypothesis

The hypothesis is that nano silica will affect the color

and not the fracture resistance.
 Aim of the study

• The aim of this study is to evaluate the

influence of nano silica coating on the
color and fracture resistance of zirconia
ceramics.
 Materials
The following materials were used in this
study:-

A-One type of commercially available dental

zirconia ceramic
B- Nano silica powder material
C- A self-adhesive resin luting agent.
Methods
Preparation of control samples:

For standardization of the shape and the size of

the samples standard permanent molar tooth
preparation will be conducted followed by
impression of the prepared tooth to construct epoxy
resin which has modulus of elasticity close to
dentin. Samples will be cemented on an epoxy resin
using resin adhesive luting agent.
• Forty specimens of commercially available zirconia
ceramics will be obtained.

• Twenty discs (8 mm in diameter) with thickness (1mm)

will be fabricated to assessment the color parameters,
while the other twenty samples will be fabricated to
perform a fully contoured crowns to assessment the
fracture resistance .
• Specimens will divided into two groups
according to the fabrication:
• Group D: Twenty specimens of disc for color
measurement
• Group C: Twenty specimens of fully contoured
crowns for fracture resistance measurement
Each group will be further subdivided into two subgroups (10
samples each) according to the surface treatment into:

Subgroup Dn: disc specimen with nano silica surface treatment.

Subgroup Dc: disc specimen without nano silica surface

treatment.

Subgroup Cn: full contoured crown specimen with nano silica

surface treatment.

Subgroup Cc: full contoured crown specimen without nano silica

surface treatment.
• Each subgroup will be further subdivided into two classes (5
samples each) according to the accelerated aging into:

• Class Dn: disc specimens with nano silica and

accelerated aging (5) specimens each.
• Class Dn: disc specimens with nano silica and without
accelerated aging (5) specimens each.
• Class Dc: disc specimens without nano silica and with
accelerated aging (5) specimens each (control group).
• Class Dc: disc specimens without nano silica and without
accelerated aging (5) specimens each (control group).
• Class Cn: crown specimens with nano silica and with
accelerated aging (5) specimens each.

• Class Cn: crown specimens with nano silica and without

accelerated aging (5) specimens each.

• Class Cc: crown specimens without nano silica and with

accelerated aging (5) specimens each (control group).

• Class Cc: crown specimens without nano silica and

without accelerated aging (5) specimens each (control
group).
 Nano silica powder material will be paint
on one surface of zirconia ceramics to
evaluate the color stability then the fracture
resistance parameters.
• Using a spectrophotometer, analysis of tooth color
reproduction will be done before and after applying
nano silica. Color will be recorded using CIELAB with
color coordinates L*a*, b* and color difference (Δ E)
between different tested groups and subgroups will be
calculated. Then, Fracture resistance will be tested
using a universal testing machine.
 Statistical analysis

• The resulted data will be collected,

tabulated and statistically analyzed.
 Fracture resistance Color stability Type of ceramic

CROWN (C ) DISC (D)

20 20 Total no. of
sample

10 10 10 10 Nano silica
painting
Not painted Painted Not painted painted

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Aging

Without with without with without with without with

 References
1. Sarıkaya I, Hayran Y. Effects of dynamic aging on the wear and
fracture strength of monolithic zirconia restorations. BMC Oral
Health. 2018; V18: 146.

2. Kim HK, Kim SH. Effect of hydrothermal aging on the optical

properties of precolored dental monolithic zirconia ceramics. J
Prosthet Dent. 2019 Apr;121(4):676-682.
3. Koseoglu M, Albayrak B, Gül P, Bayindir F. Effect of
Thermocycle Aging on Color Stability of Monolithic Zirconia.
Open Journal of Stomatology. 10.4236/ojst.2019.93008.

4. Mohie el din,M, SHERIF AH, EL-ETREBY AS, Morsi TS. The

effect of different surface treatments on color and
translucency of bilayered translucent nano-crystalline zirconia
before and after accelerated aging. Braz Dent Sci 2019
10.14295/bds.2019.v22i2.1622.
Thank You