BUSINESS RESEARCH METHOD

BHAVIKA DALVI
SYBMS- 206
 QUESTIONNAIRE
 A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the
purpose of gathering information from respondents.
 IMPORTANCE
Relevant Data
Convenience to the respondent
Structured & Unstructured Responses
Qualitative & Quantitative Data
Large Coverage
Proper Processing
Easy to Alter
 Sensitive Information
 STEPS IN DESIGNING
QUESTIONNAIRE
 Proper Understanding of the research problem and objectives
 Know the target respondents
 Decision on number of questions
 Decision on the wording
 Decision on the sequence of questions
 Decision on physical characteristics of question
1. Size
2. Quality and colour of paper
Approval of questionnaire
Pilot Study to present quesstionnaire
 Final Draft
 ESSENTIAL OF GOOD
QUESTIONNAIRE
Relevant Questions
Clarity
Open ended Question & Closed ended Question
Logical sequence
Phyiscal Appearance
 Pilot Study
 TYPES OF QUESTIONS
Open ended questions
Closed ended questions
Semi – Structured questions
 Filtered questions
 Significance of Secondary Data

1. Less expensive
2. Less time consuming
3. Less processing of data
4. Quick decisions
5. Supplements primary data
6. Less paper work
7. Large volume of data
8. No sampling errors

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 LIMITATIONS OF SECONDARY DATA

1. PROBLEM OF ACCURACY
2. PROBLEM OF RELIABILITY
3. LACK OF IN-DEPTH INFORMATION
4. PROBLEM IN QUALITY DECISION MAKING
5. PROBLEM OF SPECIFIC DATA
6. UNSUITABILITY
7. PROBLEM OF BIASED INFORMATION

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 METHODS OF COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA

1. INTERNAL SOURCES
§ PRODUCT ANALYSIS
§ CUSTOMER ANALYSIS
§ ANALYSIS OF SALES TERRITORIES
§ SALES FREQUENCY ANALYSIS
§ FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
§ STOCK TURNOVER ANALYSIS

2. EXTERNAL SOURCES
§ GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
§ SYNDICATED SOURCES
§ GENERAL PUBLICATIONS

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2) Semantic Differential Scale

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Unit – 3
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Data Analysis and Interpretation
 Data Processing

§ Data Processing is generally, the collection and manipulation of items

data to produce meaningful information.
§ In this sense it can be considered a Subset of information processing,
"the change (Processing) of information in any manner detectable by
an observer.
§ The term Data Processing (DP) has also been used to refer to a
department with in an organization responsible for the operation of
data processing applications.

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There are 5 Stages of Data Processing are as follows :

1. Editing
2. Coding
3. Classification
4. Tabulation
5. Graphic Presentation

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1) Editing

Types of Editing
A) Field Editing
B) Central Editing

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Essentials of Editing

1. Accuracy
2. Avoid Bias
3. Consistency
4. Completeness
5. Traning the Editors
6. Relability
7. Uniformity
8. Economical

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2) Coding of Data

§ Numerical Codes
Gender
(1) Male
(2) Female
§ Alphabetical Codes
Group A
Group B

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§ Alpha – Numerical Codes
For eg:-
Q.1 Objectives
Q.1 (A) Fill ups
Q.1 (B) T/F or Match the following
Q.2 Answer the following
2(a) (8)
2(b) (7)
or
2(c) (8)
2(d) (7)
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Steps in Coding

1. Specify the categories

2. Allocate Individual Codes

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4) Tabulation of Data

§ Two Types of Tabulation:-

1. Manual
2. Mechancial

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Guidlines & Principles of Tabulation

§ Title
§ Table Title
§ Numbering of table
§ Footnote
§ Scale of Measurement
§ Source of Data
§ Row Stub
§ Numbering of Column
§ Separation of Column

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§ Alignment of Data
§ Appoximation of Data
§ Displaying of Data
§ No empty data cells

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PIE CHART

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BAR GRAPH

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LINE CHART

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GANTT CHART

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HISTOGRAM

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Guidelines for Graphic Presentation

§ Colours
§ Horizontal and vertical axis
§ Numerical Data Table
§ Title
§ Placement of variables
§ Placement of Graphs
§ Graphic forms
§ Define Target auidence

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§ Determine the message you want to communicate
§ Determine the nature of the message

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