GROUP 1

Risk and Hazard Assessment

Case Scenario:
In July 2019, a storm brought heavy rain to some areas of northern Luzon Island
(Aparri, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, Apayao) where catastrophic flood
warnings have been issued. Around 20,000 people were affected and 8,000 displaced
in the several regions. The flooding was the result of a cascade of events.
Exacerbating the situation was the series of cyclones crossing the Luzon coastline
and moving over the water basins of the river in the northern part, making a critical
situation worse. The rainfall that occurred over the northern parts record flooding
ensued downstream. As a result of the floods it was reported that many small towns
and villages remained under water for approximately two weeks. Access roads were
rendered impassable with railways, bridges, water management systems (including
water intake and treatment plants), and more than 600 primary schools damaged or
destroyed. It was reported that northern Luzon lost 167,000 ha of agricultural land.
Dams were overwhelmed approximately eight times the storage capacity of the
reservoir. Although floodwaters can wash away breeding sites and, hence, reduce
mosquito-borne disease transmission, the collection of emergency clinic data and
interviews of 62 families found that the incidence of malaria as well as diarrhea
were reported as increasing. The government declared an emergency, mobilized its
disaster response mechanisms, and made appeals for assistance from other
neighboring communities. The enormous material damage and human losses during
the floods were associated with the various problems, including technologic and
financial problems of the region.
5 levels of Probability:

1 – Rare (1 in 100 years)

2 – Sporadic (1 in 50 years)
3 – Unusual (1 in 10 years)
4 – Likely (happens every couple of years)
5 – Almost certain (1 per year)
5 levels of Severity or Effect:

1 – Insignificant (loss of <1 working day/ no damage to

collection / no injuries
2 – Low (loss of <2 working days / up to 5% damage to
collection / no injuries)
3 – High (loss of <3 working days / up to 10% damage to
collection / minor injuries)
4 – Severe (loss of <4 working days / up to 25% damage to
collection / major injuries)
5 – Catastrophic (loss of 5+ working days / up to 50% or
more damage to collection / major injuries and fatality/ies)
 RISK AND HAZARD ASSESSMENT
Hazard Probable Cause Probability Effect Suggestions for
Rate Preventive Actions

Typhoon -Geographical 5 5 Preparing for Typhoon

location Almost certain Catastrophic ( loss - Listen to the radio for
-Warm ocean water (1 per year) of 5+ working more information about
days/ up to 50% or weather disturbance.
more damage to - Prepare an emergency
collection/ major kit and make your family
injuries/ fatalities) communication plan.
- If your family reside in
an area near the river,
waterways, or
mountainsides,
immediately evacuate to
prevent flooding,
flashfloods and landslides.
- Prepare a list of
emergency hotlines.
- Know the nearest
evacuation site in your
area.
 
Hazard Probable Cause Probability Effect Suggestions for
Rate Preventive Actions

Flood - Cyclones 5 5 Preparation for

-Near the river Almost certain Catastrophic ( loss Flooding:
-Having coastline (1 per year) of 5+ working - Regularly monitor radio
-Dams days/ up to 50% and television for
overwhelmed or more damage calamity news update.
-Heavy to collection/ - Prepare for enough
rain/typhoon candles, rechargeable
major injuries/
lamps and flashlights for
fatalities)
possible brownouts.
- If your family reside in
an area near the river,
waterways, or
mountainsides,
immediately evacuate to
prevent flooding,
flashfloods and
landslides.
- Store enough food,
water, and first aid kit.
- Prepare a list of
emergency hotlines.
 
Hazard Probable Cause Probability Effect Suggestions for
Rate Preventive Actions

Preventive measure:
-Tree planting
-Proper waste
segregation
-Report necessary
violation/ problems that
may affect or contribute
to flood
-Coordinate with
barangay official about
the clogged drainage 
 Hazard Probable Probability Effect Suggestions for Preventive
Cause Rate Actions

Human Diseases - Contaminated 4 5 Malaria

and Public water Likely Catastrophic -Remove any Stagnant waters
Health Crisis -Contaminated (Happens ( loss of 5+ -Spray insecticide in communities
- Malaria foods every couple of working days/ up -instruct residents to wear long
- Diarrhea Mosquito bites years) to 50% or more sleeves and setup nets before
- Leptospirosis - Contaminated damage to sleeping
soil or water with -Instruct Residents to put Insect
collection/ major
infected animal Repellent before going to sleep.
urine injuries/
fatalities) Diarrhea
-Secure safe drinking water
-sanitized the place especially
where the food and water are being
placed.
-Demonstrate proper hand washing
the residents before and after
eating.
-Remind Proper hygiene
-boil water as much as possible
-for infants newborn( advised
frequent breast feeding and
Rotavirus Vaccne) 
Hazard Probable Probability Effect Suggestions for Preventive
Cause Rate Actions

Leptospirosis
-Avoid swimming From lakes,
rivers, flood waters or swamp
-avoid water or soil that are
contaminated with animal
urine
-Boil water as much as
possible
-demonstrate proper hand
hygiene and hygiene.
-sanitize areas that are
contaminated
-
 Hazard Probable Cause Probability Effect Suggestions for
Rate Preventive Actions

Food Source - Due to impassable 4 4 Prepare foods that:

Interruption road access or Likely Severe (loss < - Have a long storage
transportation (Happens working days/ up life
interruption. every couple to 25% damage to - Require little or no
of years) collection. Major cooking, water or
injuries) refrigeration in case
utilities are disrupted.
- Are not every salty or
spicy, as these foods
increase the need for
drinking water, which
may be in short supply.
 Hazard Probable Cause Probability Effect Suggestions for
Rate Preventive Actions

Water service -Impassable water 4 4 - Prepare Bottled of water

Interruption management. Likely Severe (loss < supply.
(Happens every working days/ up - Store water in big
couple of years) to 25% damage to bottles and dams inside
collection. Major the house.
injuries)  

Electrical Outage - Power line 5 5 - Prepare for enough

disturbance due to Almost certain Catastrophic ( loss candles, rechargeable
flooding and (1 per year) of 5+ working lamps and flashlights for
typhoon. days/ up to 50% or possible brownouts.
more damage to - Prepare full charged of
collection/ major power banks.
injuries/ fatalities)

Transportation - Access roads are 4 4 - Coordinate with the

Route impassable due to Likely Severe (loss < barangay officials about
Interruption flooding and (Happens every working days/ up affected roads to take
typhoon. couple of years) to 25% damage to immediate action on the
collection. Major problem.
injuries)
 Hazard Probable Cause Probability Effect Suggestions for
Rate Preventive Actions

Building  - Soil erosion 4 4 -Volunteer to fix and

damage/ collapse - Sub-standards Likely Severe (loss < clean the school
materials (Happens working days/ up -use strong materials for
every couple to 25% damage to the building
of years) collection. Major -must ensure that the
injuries) foundation of the
building is strong
- Hire an architect
-hire an structural
engineer
-perform soil test
-hire competent building
contractor
-comply with statutory
building regulation