Uncertainty Calculation

Calibration of Vernier Caliper

at 600 mm
Least count 20 µm
 Expansion Co-efficient 11.5 µm/m/°C
Reference Standard used is
Caliper Checker
Maximum Deviation observed during Calibration
± 5 µm

 Uncertainty in Calibration ± 4 µm

 Expansion co-efficient 11.5 µm/m/°C

Type A Evaluation
Observation No. Observed Value
in mm
X1 600.02
X2 600.00
X3 600.02
X4 600.00
X5 600.00
X6 600.00
X7 600.02
X8 600.02
X9 600.02
X10 600.00
Average value = 600.010 mm
Standard Deviation σn-1 = 10.54 µm
Type A Uncertainty

σn-1
= 3.33 µm
√n
Degrees of Freedom 1 = n-1 = 9
 Type B Evaluation
(i) Uncertainty due maximum deviation during
the Calibration of Caliper Checker is ± 5 µm
5.0 Assuming Rectangular Distribution

Ub1 =
√3
Ub1 = 2.87 µm

Degrees of freedom 2 = ∞
(ii) Uncertainty reported in the Calibration
Certificate of Caliper Checker is ± 4 µm
Assuming Normal Distribution , k =2
4.0
Ub2 =
2

Ub2 = 2 µm

Degrees of freedom 3 = ∞
(iii) Uncertainty due to Least count of
Caliper = 20 µm
Assuming Rectangular distribution
20
Ub3 =
2√3

Ub3 = 5.77 µm

Degrees of freedom 3 = ∞
Uncertainty due to Parallelism, Flatness and
Misalignment of jaws = 10 µm
Assuming Rectangular Distribution
10
Ub4 =
√3
= 5.77 µm

Degrees of freedom 5 = ∞
Uncertainty due to environmental control
of laboratory 5°C
Calculate the Sensitivity Co-efficient
=  diff x length
= (11.5 – 11.5) µm /m/°C x 0.6m
= 0.0 µm / °C
5
Ub5 = Assuming Rectangular Distribution
√3
= 2.89 °C
Uncertainty contribution = Standard Uncertainty x Sensitivity
co-efficient
= 2.89 °C x 0.0 µm/ °C
= 0 µm
(vi) Uncertainty due to temperature difference
In Master and caliper = 0.5 °C

(a) Sensitivity Co-efficient

=  average. x length
= ((11.5 + 11.5)/2) µm/ m/ °C x 0.6 m
= 6.9 µm/°C
(b) Standard Uncertainty Assuming
Rectangular Distribution

Ub6 = 0.5
√3
Ub6 = 0.288°C
(c) Uncertainty Contribution
= Sensitivity Co-efficient x Standard Uncertainty
= 6.9 x 0.288
= 1.987 µm
Degrees of freedom 7 = ∞
(vii) Uncertainty due to temperature variation
during calibration is 1°C
(a) Sensitivity Co-efficient
=  diff. x length
= (11.5 – 11.5) µm/ m/ °C x 0.6 m
= 0.0 µm/°C
(b) Standard Uncertainty
Ub7 = 1
√3

Ub7 = 0.577 °C
(c) Uncertainty Contribution

= Sensitivity Co-efficient x Standard

Uncertainty
= 0.0 µm/°C x 0.577 °C
= 0 µm/°C
Degrees of freedom 8 = ∞
(viii) Uncertainty due to temperature
measurement 1°C

(a) Sensitivity Co-efficient

=  diff x length
= (11.5 – 11.5) µm/ m/ °C x 0.6 m
= 0 µm/ m/ °C
(b) Standard Uncertainty

Assuming Rectangular Uncertainty

Ub8 = 1/√ 3

= 0.577 °C
(c) Uncertainty Contribution

= Sensitivity Co-efficient x Standard

Uncertainty
= O X 0.577
= O µm/ m/ °C
Degrees of freedom 9 = ∞
(ix) Uncertainty due to thermal expansion
co-efficient (10% 11.5 µm/ m/ °C)

Sensitivity co-efficient

= length x environmental control

= 0.6.m x 5 °C
= 3.0 m °C
(ii) Standard Uncertainty
Assuming Rectangular Distribution
1.15
Ub9 =
√3
= 0.66 µm/ m/ °C
Degrees of freedom 10 = ∞
(iii) Uncertainty Contribution

Sensitivity Co-efficient x Standard

Uncertainty
3 x 0.66
1.98 µm
Combined Uncertainty
Uc = √ (Ua)2 +(Ub1)2 + (Ub2)2 + ……….

Uc = √ (3.33)2 + (2.87)2 + (2)2 + (5.77)2

+(5.77)2 + (0) 2 + (1.987)2 + (0)2

(0)2 + (1.98)2

=
9.88 µm
Degrees Of Freedom
eff = (Uc) 4

(Ua)y + (Ub1)y + (Ub2)y + …….

1 2 3
eff = (9.88) 4

(3.33)4 + (2.87)4 + (2)4 + (5.77) 4

9 ∞ ∞ ∞
+ (5.77)4 + (1.987)4 + (1.98)4
∞ ∞ ∞

= 697 > 30 = ∞ Hence k = 2

Expended Uncertainty

U = k x Uc
= 2 x 9.88
= 19.76 µm
 Uncertainty Budget
Source of Uncertainty Probability Standard Sensitivity Uncertainty Degrees
Distribution Type Uncertainty Coefficient Contribution of
A or Type B U (Xi) Ci Ui (y) Freedom

U1 4.0μm NORMAL 2.Oμm 1 2.0μm ∞

TYPE B
U2 5.0μm RECTANGULAR 2.87μm 1 2.87μm ∞
TYPE B
U3 10.0μm RECTANGULAR 5.77μm 1 5.77μm ∞
TYPE B
U4 10.0μm RECTANGULAR 5.77μm 1 5.77μm ∞
TYPE B
U5 5°C RECTANGULAR 2.89°C 0μm/°C 0μm ∞
TYPE B
U6 0.5°C RECTANGULAR 0.288°C 6.9 m/°C 1.987 μm ∞
TYPE B
U7 1°C RECTANGULAR 0.577°C 0 μm/°C 0 μm ∞
TYPE B
U8 1°C RECTANGULAR 0.577°C 0 μm/°C 0 μm ∞
TYPE B
U9 1.15μm/m/°C RECTANGULAR 0.66 μm/m/°C 3.0 m/° 1.98 μm ∞
TYPE B
U10 10.54μm NORMAL 3.33 μm 1 3.33 μm 9
TYPE A