Compounds

Presented by: Maryum Aslam

Ittefaq College of nursing

Chemistry: Unit 2
 Compounds
Compounds: a compound is a substance formed
when two or more chemical elements are
chemically bonded together. ... Example 1: Pure
water is a compound made from two elements -
hydrogen and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to
oxygen in water is always 2:1. Each molecule of
water contains two hydrogen atoms bonded to a
single oxygen atom.
 Element
Element: a substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler substances. An element is
composed of atoms that have the same atomic
number. each atom has the same number of
protons in its nucleus as all other atoms of
that element.  For example, element 1
is hydrogen, element 2 is helium, element 3 is
lithium, element 8 is oxygen, etc.
 Mixture
Mixture:
A mixture is a combination of two or more pure
substances in which each pure substance
retains it individual chemical properties. 
Mixtures can be composed of solids, liquids, or
gases.
 Types of compound
There are two basic types of compounds.
• Molecular compounds
• Ionic compounds
Molecular compounds:
A molecular compound can be defined as a
compound where the atoms share electrons
through covalent bonds. It is also known as a
covalent compound.
 Types of compound
• Ionic compounds
an ionic compound is a chemical compound composed
of ions. It combine together by ionic bonding.
Compounds are classified in two
• Organic compounds : an organic compound is any
chemical compound that contains carbon.
• Inorganic compounds: an inorganic compound is
any compound that not contains carbon,
 Uses of compound
The use of compound are mentioned bellow;
• Chemical compounds are used for our daily uses,
such as Baking powder used in cooking.
• Salt NaCl used to season food (during food
preparation and at the table), also used in the past.
• Mouthwash personal hygiene, Washing soda used
in cleaning.
• Bleach is used as a stain remover and disinfectant.
 Uses of compound
• Sodium Hypochlorite used to treat water and to
reduce skin damage.
• Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) – This is used as a
germicidal agent.
• Aspirin use as a pain reliever.
• Some compound are use to develop flavor.
• H2O (water) forms the most essential part of
human life mixed with some important salts like,
Magnesium and Calcium.
 Properties of compound
Ionic compounds: The properties of compounds are
mentioned bellow;
• Ionic compounds are usually hard and brittle.
• Ionic compound conduct electricity when dissolved.
• Ionic compound high melting and boiling points
• Ionic compound soluble in polar solvents such as
water.
• An ionic compound is formed between a metal and
a nonmetal atoms.
 Properties of compound
Molecular compounds:
• Molecular compounds have low melting
points.
• Molecular compounds are squishy and soft.
• Do not produce electricity in water.
• Are not usually soluble in water
• Have a low boiling points than ionic
compounds
 Properties of compound
Organic compounds:
The identifying property of all organic compounds
is the presence of carbon molecules. This class is
made up of gasses, liquids, and solids.
Inorganic compounds:
have high melting points and are made from either
single elements or compounds that do not include
carbon and hydrogen. In solutions, they break down
into ions that conduct electricity.
Difference between compound and mixture

Compound
• Examples of compounds: water (H2O), salt (NaCl),
sucrose (table sugar).
• The components of a compound do not retain their
individual properties
• The composition of a compound is fixed.
• It takes large inputs of energy to separate the
components of a compound.
• Components are firmly combined in compound.
Difference between compound and mixture

Mixture
• Examples of mixtures: soil, ocean water and
other solutions, air.
• Each of its components retains its properties.
• The composition of a mixture is variable.
• Its components are easily separated.
• Components are loosely combined