COLON CANCER

COLON
• Built in 1565 by Spanish
conquistador Miguel Lopez de
Legaspi

• Colon is the oldest street in the phil.

• The SHORTEST NATIONAL ROAD

• Named after cristobal

colon(Christopher Columbus)

• 13c

• 01k
CANCER OF COLON

SNATCHER

RUGBY BOYS
 OBJECTIVES
• How common is colorectal cancer?
• What is colon cancer cancer?
• What cause it?
• What are the risk factor?
• What are the test to find colorectal cancer ?
 WHAT IS COLON CANCER?
• Cancer of the large intestine
• Typically begins as benign colon polyp that
become cancerous overtime
• Often called colo-rectal cancer which combines
cancer of the rectum
• Normal cells in the lining of the colon or
rectum begin to change, grow without control
and no longer die.
 Anatomy
• Colon is 150 cm long
• Subdivided into ascending,
descending, transverse and
sigmoid colon.
• The superior mesenteric
artery supplies the colon
between ileocecal valve and
the splenic flexure.
• The inferior mesenteric
artery supplies the colon
distal to splenic flexure.
Anatomy
What causes colon cancer?
 What causes colon cancer?
• When DNA in cells in the colon or rectum
develop mutations that may make them unable
to control growth and division.

• Mutated cells —> die or attacked by immune

system

• Some mutated cells escape and grow out of

control—> tumor
 Who is at risk for colon cancer?
• Age
• Diet
• polyps
• Personal medical history
• Family medical history
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Smoking
 Risk factors
• Age
-colon cancer is more likely to occur as people
get older. It is more common among people
who are over the age of 50.

-however, colon cancer can occur among

younger ages and in rare cases, among
teenagers.
• Diet

Consumption of red meat

Saturated fat
Increased Refined carbohydrates
risk alcohol use
Inactive lifestyle
Smoking
• Polyps
-benign growths on the inner wall of the colon
and rectum.
-some types increase a person’s risk of
developing colon caner
• Colonic polyp is well known cause of colorectal
cancer
• The risk of malignant change in benign polyp
depend on factors including:
-size
-number of polyp
-histological type
• Risk of cancer development—>more common in
villous type than in tubular type.
• Presence of epithelial dysplasia—>increased risk
of cancer
• Personal medical history
-women with history of cancer of ovary,
uterus, or breast increased chance of
developing colon cancer.
-person with colorectal cancer may develop
disease second time.
• Family history
-inherited genes, shared environmental factors
or combination of these influences increase
risk of colorectal cancer.
2 most common inherited syndromes:
• Familial adenomatous polypsis (FAP)
• Hereditary non-polypsis colorectal cancer
(HPCC)
• Inflammatory bowel disease
-ulcerative colitis
patient with extensive colitis and for long
duration are at high risk of developing
colorectal cancer
-crohn’s disease
 Stages of colon cancer
• Stage 0: cancer found only in the innermost lining of
the colon
• Stage I: cancer inlvolves more of the inner wall of colon
• Stage II: cancer spread outside to nearby tissue except
lymph nodes
• Stage III: cancer spread to lymph nodeds but not to
other parts of the body
• Stage IV: cancer spread to other parts of the body
(tend to spread to liver/lungs)
Staging of colon cancer
PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY
 Signs and symptoms
• Change in bowel habits
• diarrhea, constipation
• Blood in stool
• general abdominal discomfort
• Vomiting
• narrow stools
• Weightloss with no known reason
 Diagnosis and confirmation tests
• Digital rectal exam
-many rectal cancers can be
identified as craggy
ulcerated mass
• Fecal ocult blood test
(FOBT)
-for screening
-detects small amounts of
blood in feces
• Sigmoidoscopy
-rectum and sigmoid
colon are examined using
a lighted instrument called
sigmoidoscope
• Colonoscopy
-lighted instrument used
to examine rectum and
the entire colon
• Double contrast barium
enema (DCBE)
-xrays of entire colon and
rectum are taken after px is
given enema with barium
solutio; air introduced to
colon
• CT Scan
-may be used if colon
cancer has metastesized to
other organs
 Treatment
• Surgery
-stage 0 colon cancer may be treated by
removing the cancer cells—>colonoscopy
-stage I,II,III cancer, more extensive surgery
needed to remove part of the colon.
• Chemotherapy
 END OF REPORT
GROUP COLON
• ANDREW RABOSA • ALSHAREEZ LABUNGAN
• CASEY ENJAYNES • THEA
• DANAH DAQUIL • JOSHUA ONG
• JESSA VIERNES • RISHITH UDUGULA
• KENNY ROSE KHO • BISON
• RAIYAN ABDURAJID • OMNIYA
• SHARMAINE DE CELIS
• SHENNA ALENIZ
• STEPHANIE GAYLE BARON
• TIB SANTIAGO
 THE ONLY WAY TO PASS BIOCHEMISTRY
IS TO
BIOCHEMIS
TRY

DR. HENRY JOSEPH CALLEDO, r.n,m.n, m.d, P.ed.O