Skin Cancer

By: Kausthubhi
Killamsetti
01. 03.
Introduction Causes of Skin Cancer
A brief overview on what you’re Things that trigger skin cancer
going to see in this powerpoint.

02. 04.
What is Skin Cancer? Types of Skin Cancer
A broad precis of skin cancer The 5 main types of cancer
along with some statistics
05. 07.
Diagnosis Avoid Skin Cancer
How dermatologists diagnose Basic guide for how to avoid Skin
your cancer. Cancer.

06. 08.
Treatments Conclusion
The common treatments that cure Skin Cancer survivor quotes
skin cancer.
 01.

Introduction
Hello everyone, my name is Kausthubhi Killamsetti, and I'm from 9A CAIE of Birla
Open Minds, Kollur. The task given to us was to create a project that will either help
make the world/community a better place, create/innovate a solution to an already
existing problem, or learn/master an already existing skill. I decided to do a project
that is meaningful not only to me but to patients who have been inflicted with skin
cancer. The reason why I chose to do my project on skin cancer and not on other issues
is because the skin is arguably one of the most significant organs in the body. It is also
the largest organ in the entire body. It is the body's first defense mechanism against
pathogens. Skin cancer is also the most common cancer in the entire world. This
powerpoint will be educating you on the five main prominent types of skin cancer.
 02.

What is Skin Cancer?

What is Skin
Cancer?
Skin cancer is the It isn’t contagious, and
abnormal growth of skin This cancer has a high
if it is caught early,
cure rate, but spreads
cells which is primarily there are various rapidly.
caused by the sun’s UV methods to treat it.
rays.
Statistics

1 in 5 1 in 3
1 in 5 people are affected with Skin 1 in 3 cancers diagnosed is Skin Cancer
Cancer.

5,400,000 80%
5.4 million people are affected with Skin 80% of all diagnosed skin cancers are
Cancer every year. basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
 03.

Causes of Skin Cancer

Causes of Skin Cancer

Fair skinned people have less Skin cancer is not

melanin (pigment) in their completely hereditary, but
skin, which means that they if a family member has
Hot climates and sunny
are more prone to damaging gotten skin cancer, you may
areas expose you to
UV radiation. Having more need to be more careful, as
more UV rays, which is
than one sun burn as a child or you have an increased risk
not healthy.
as an adult increases the of getting this cancer as
chances of getting skin cancer. well.

The Sun Hot Climates Genes

 04.

Types of Skin Cancer

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
● It develops in people with fair skin and people that have “skin of color.”

● It looks like a flesh coloured round growth, pearl like bump, or a pinkish patch of skin.

● It takes a numerous amount of years of going outside and basking in the sun, as well as
the UV exposure from indoor tanning for BCC to occur.

● Is usually found on the head, neck, and arms- but they can also form on any part of the
body, including the chest, abdomen, and legs.

● If BCC is not caught in its early stages, it can penetrate the bones and nerves of the
body leading to damage and disfigurement of the body.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
● Affects people with light skin, or fairly dark skin

● It looks like a red firm bump, scaly patch, or a sore that heals and reopens

● Forms on parts of the body that are usually exposed to sunlight- rim of the ear, face,
neck, arms, chest, and the back

● If it is not diagnosed early, it can cause damage and disfigurement to the body just like
the Basal Cell Carcinoma(BCC)
○ It also can prevent the cancer(more specifically the growth) from spreading to the
rest of the body
Actinic Keratoses (AK)
● Occurs in people who have fair skin

● AK is most prominently found in people over the age of 40

● Manifests in places that receive a lot of skin exposure- head, neck, arms, and forearms

● AK is not a skin cancer itself, but it can quickly transform into a Squamous Cell
Carcinoma(SCC)

● Using sunscreen when going out is a brilliant solution to prevent AK

Melanoma

● Is the most serious type of skin cancer, because it spreads swiftly

● It develops from pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes

● Can emerge from an existing mole, or appear as a dark spot on your skin

● It is crucial to pinpoint this growth before it spreads in multiple places

● ABCDE is an acronym in which you can identify whether you have

melanoma or not
ABCDEs of Melanoma
A- Asymmetry- one half isn’t the same size/shape as the other half of the spot

B- Border- irregular, scalloped, or a poorly defined border

C- Color- it can be in different colors- shades of tan, brown, black, or areas of white, red, and
blue

D- Diameter- are usually greater than 6mm, if diagnosed early it can be somewhat smaller

E- Evolving- looks different, and is changing shape, size, and color

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (CTCL)
● is a rare type of blood cancer

● T-Lymphocyte is a white blood cell primarily found in the skin, as skin is the first defense against such
pathogens

● There are two main types of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma(CTCL)- Mycosis Fungoides and Sèzary Syndrome

● Mycosis Fungoides is the most common of the two mentioned above, the cancer spreads very slowly, and can be
in the first stage for years- it is very hard to diagnose as the rash looks like eczema and psoriasis

● Sezary syndrome is a more aggressive cancer that looks like eczema- some people develop red, hot, itchy,
swollen, and sore skin

● Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma(CTCL) looks like a rash and usually occurs in places that are exposed to more
sunlight frequently
 05.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis by a dermatologist

A few days later the

Your doctor may look at
Your dermatologist may dermatopathologist will send
your skin to see whether
remove a suspicious the lab results which contain
your skin changes are
piece of skin for lab whether you have cancer, the
symptoms of skin
testing. type of cancer and the stage
cancer.
of it.
Skin Biopsy
1. The dermatologist 1st injects a small amount of anesthesia into the designated area

2. After the area is numb, the dermatologist will remove all the growth are part of the growth

3. The removed growth will be then sent to a pathologist who determines what type of condition has infected
the patient’s skin

4. After removing the growth, a bandage will be placed over the area, and the doctor will then explain the
postoperative wound care instructions.

5. The biopsy results will come back in a few days indicating if the patient has skin cancer or not, if so the type.

6. Depending on where the infected area is, different biopsies will be formed.
 06.

Treatments
Types of Dermatologists
Dermatopathologists
When your dermatologist has a hunch about a
serious condition but isn’t sure about it, he/she can
send a sample of the skin to a dermatopathologist,
who then surveys and confirms what the condition
is. Sometimes a dermatopathologist is needed
especially when a patient obtains skin cancer.
Mohs Surgeon
Is a dermatologist who performs mohs surgery,
which is used to treat cancer. This surgery has
many advantages, but it's not meant for every
patient. The mohs surgeon needs to diagnose
the tumor very carefully before doing the
surgery.
Skin Biopsy
1. The dermatologist 1st injects a small amount of anesthesia into the designated area

2. After the area is numb, the dermatologist will remove all the growth are part of the growth

3. The removed growth will be then sent to a pathologist who determines what type of condition has
infected the patient’s skin

4. After removing the growth, a bandage will be placed over the area, and the doctor will then explain
the postoperative wound care instructions.

5. The biopsy results will come back in a few days indicating if the patient has skin cancer or not, if so
the type.

6. Depending on where the infected area is, different biopsies will be formed.
Topical and Photodynamic Chemotherapy
Topical Chemotherapy Photodynamic Chemotherapy

Involves the application of agents that destroys precancerous A chemical is applied to stop precancerous and cancerous growth.
and cancerous growth. The treatment will be explained by 1. Either aminolevulinic acid or methyl aminolevulinic is
the dermatologist, how long, where, how and what will be applied to the growth
2. After a few hours your doctor will expose the treated area
explained.
to a light source which will photo-activate the agents.
3. There is minimal pain when the agents get photoactivated.
1. 5-fluorouracil 4. Doctor will then explain postoperative wound care
instruction - crusting of the treated area occurs the day
2. Diclofenac after the treatment; careful sun protection and sun
avoidance is necessary.
3. Imiquimod 5. A follow up appointment is scheduled to make sure that
the growth was treated properly, and to make sure it’s
Your dermatologist will also discuss which agents are most healing properly.
6. Sometimes the procedure needs to be done multiple times
useful to the patient's condition
to ensure that the growth is treated.
Electrodessication and Curettage (ED&C)

BCC SCC AK

Electrodessication and Curettage (ED&C): It is used to remove skin lesions like warts, actinic keratosis, basal cell
skin cancers, and squamous cell skin cancers.
1. Performed under anesthesia
2. Scrape the growth using a sharp surgical instrument called a curette
3. An electrosurgical unit can be used to stop the bleeding, and to remove a small surrounding area of normal
skin
4. Sometimes a few cycles of burning and scraping are used to eliminate cancerous growths
5. After the procedure, a bandage will be placed over the treated area, and then the doctor will explain
postoperative wound care instructions.
6. There is no stitching, and the wound will heal in 1-3 weeks depending on depth of the ED&C treatment.
7. Scars are usually round, and are usually bigger than the treated growth
8. After a while, the scar becomes pink and heals in a certain time.
Mohs Micrographic Surgery

Mohs micrographic surgery: treats skin cancer

1. Performed under an anaesthetic

2. Use a scalpel to remove underlying skin including the visible portion of cancer
3. Place a temporary bandage
4. The surgeon will take the tissue to the laboratory for analysis
5. The surgeon or technician cuts the tissue sample into sections and examines them with a microscope
6. If the cancer remains, your Mohs surgery will continue. Your surgeon removes an additional layer of tissue
from the affected area, taking care to remove tissue that contains cancer while leaving as much healthy tissue
as possible intact.
 07.

Avoid Skin Cancer

How to avoid Skin Cancer
1.
Use a broad-spectrum
sunscreen with an SPF of 15
or higher everyday.
2.
Use water resistant broad-spectrum
sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or
higher when doing extensive
outdoor activities like swimming.
3.
Apply about one ounce or 2
tablespoons of sunscreen to your
entire body 30 minutes before
going outside.
4.
Keep newborns out of the
sun - sunscreen can be used
on babies 6 months and up
5.
Make sure to examine your
skin head to toe and consult
a dermatologist once a year
for a skin exam
6.
Seek the shade between 10
am to 4 pm, and don’t get
sunburned. Also avoid
tanning beds as the UV light
is very harmful
 08.

Conclusion
 “
Lance Armstrong, the famous cyclist and
more importantly, a cancer survivor, has said
“If you ever get a second chance for
something, you’ve got to go all the way”

-Michael N. Castle
 “
“The beauty of it all is it’s preventable.

-Hugh Jackman
 “
“You beat cancer by how you live, why you
live, and in the manner in which you live.”

-Stuart Scott
THANK YOU+