Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 4 A Centroid
Module 4 A Centroid
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
It is the point where the whole weight of the body is assumed to
be concentrated. It is the point on which the body can be
balanced.
It is the point through which the weight of the body is assumed to act.
This point is usually denoted by ‘C.G.’ or ‘G’.
CENTRE OF GRAVITY
y
𝒙 ℎ
𝒚
𝑏 x
𝒙 G
Similarly 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒚
� 13
, �
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE
Axes of Reference Centroidal Axis
These are the axes with respect to The axis which passes through the
which the centroid of a given centroid of the given figure is known as
figure is determined. centroidal axis, such as
the axis X-X and the axis Y-Y shown in
Figure.
14
=b 𝒅
𝟎
ydy 𝒚𝟐 �
=b. �
𝟐 �
𝒃𝒅 �
=𝟐
� 19
bd . 𝒚 = �𝟐
𝒃𝒅
�
𝒅
𝒚= �
�
By considering a vertical strip, similarly, we can prove that
𝒃
𝒙= � 20
�
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE
TRIANGLE
Let us consider a triangular lamina of area (𝟏 𝟐 x b x d) as
shown in Figure.
Now consider a horizontal elementary strip of area (𝒃𝟏 x
dy), which is at a distance y from the reference axis AB.
Using the property of similar triangles, we have
𝑏1 𝑑 −𝑦
=
𝑏𝑏 = 𝑑 −𝑦 . b
1 �
𝑑
�
𝒅 −𝒚
Area of the elementary strip = �
. b . dy
�
= 𝒅�
−𝒚
. b . dy. y
�
𝒃𝒅
=𝟐
�
22 �
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE
Whereas, 𝒙 triangle is symmetrical about y axis
�
=𝒃 �
23
d
d b/3 2b/3
d/3 d/3
b x b x
24
𝟐
Its centre of gravity is �R from O.
�
its projection on the x-axis = 𝟑𝟐R cosθ
Moment of area of t
elementary strip𝟏abou 𝟐
the y-axis = (𝟐 x R x Rdθ) . R cosθ
𝑹𝟑𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
=
d𝜽 �
25
𝟐
Its centre of gravity is �R from O.
�
its projection on the x-axis = 𝟑𝟐R cosθ
Moment of area of
elementary strip𝟏about 𝟐
the y-axis = (𝟐 x R x Rdθ) . R cosθ
𝑹𝟑𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
=
d𝜽 �
27
120mm
10mm
60mm
10mm
120mm
1 10mm
60mm
x
10mm
𝑎= 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 =
1800 108000 96,000
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 108000
= 60mm
𝑎 1800
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑦 = 96000
= 53.33mm
𝑎 1800
80 mm
10mm
40mm
10mm
24mm
25mm
80 mm
1 10mm
2
40m
m
10mm
3 24mm
x
25mm
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 =
𝑎=
72,000 80,000
1800
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 72,000
= 40mm
𝑎 1800
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑦 = 80,000
= 44.44mm
𝑎 1800
100 mm
20mm
100mm
20mm
20mm
150 mm
60 mm
12mm
128mm
10mm
10mm
75 mm
80mm 80mm
1 2
𝟒𝐱
𝟖𝟎 𝟖𝟎
𝟑
+
𝛑 𝟒𝐱
2 1
x 80 x 80 𝟖𝟎
𝟑
3 3
𝛑
x
80mm 80mm
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 743430.23
= 90.37mm
𝑎 8226.54
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑦 =
2,55,963.03
8226.5
= 31.11mm
𝑎 4
50mm
150mm
150mm
50mm
50mm
80mm150mm
2
50mm
1 150mm
150mm 3
50mm
x
50mm
80mm150mm
RIGHT ANGLED 50 + (2/3 x 150) 50 + (2/3 x 150) ½ x 150 x150 = - 16,87,500 - 16,87,500
TRIANGLE 2 = 150 = 150 -11,250
QUARTER 4 x 150 4 x 150 𝜋x1502 - 11,24,964.5 - 11,24,964.5
= 63.66 = 63.66 = - 17671.45
CIRCLE 3π 3π 4
3
𝑎=
11,078.55
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 =
1187535.5 1187535.5
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 107.19 mm
𝑎
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑦 = 107.19 mm
𝑎
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE
NUMERICAL 7
1000 mm
800 mm 200 mm
6mm
3mm
3 TRIANGLE 13 − 3 = 12 3 + 6= 5 1
x3x6=-9 -108 -45
3 3 2
10 + 3 = 11.5
3
4 SQUARE = 1.5 3x3=-9 -103.5 -13.5
2 2
4x 3 4x3 𝜋 x 32
5 QUARTER 10 - = 8.72 = 1.27 = - 7.06
3𝜋 3𝜋 -61.56 -8.97
CIRCLE 4
𝑎=
85.66
2
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦 =
474.8768 407.8518
3
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 5.51 mm
1
𝑎
𝑦= = 4.76 m
𝑎𝑦
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE 50
5 4
𝑎
NUMERICAL 9
3m
4m
9m
1m 2m
1m 1m
1.5 m 6m
10.5 m
1.5 + 3 + 6 = 6.5 1
9
3 TRIANGLE =3 x 6 x 9 = 27 175.5 81
3 3 2
4 x 0.5 𝜋52
4 SEMICIRCLE 1.5 + 1 + 0.5 = 3 + 2 +1 = 3.2 = - 0.3926 -1.1778 -1.26025
3𝜋
2
2
5 RECTANGLE 1.5 + 1 + 0.5 = 3 +1=2 1x2= - 2 -6 -4
2
𝑎=
70.3574 2
𝑎𝑦 =
𝑎𝑥 =
349.4898
292.0722
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 4.15 m 1 3
4
𝑎
𝑦= = 4.96 m
𝑎𝑦 5
𝑎
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE 52
NUMERICAL 10
30mm
5mm
10mm
5mm 5mm
25mm
20 mm
4
2
𝑎=
1032.17
𝑎𝑦 =
𝑎𝑥 =
24757.13
20643.4
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 20 mm
𝑎
𝑎𝑦
𝑦= = 23.98 mm
𝑎
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE 55
NUMERICAL 11
2
1
3
𝑎=
41.7
𝑎𝑦 =
𝑎𝑥 =
88.755
120.298
𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 = 2.88 mm
𝑎
𝑎𝑦
𝑦= = 2.12 mm
𝑎
SERIN ISSAC, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, NHCE 57
NUMERICAL 12
-X
X