HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS

REACTOR
Prepared By
ANAS ARAFAT

Project Advisor
Eng. Saud Alshikh
 Main Topics

Introduction Conception Design specification

Design specification
Neutronics THERMOHYDRAULICS

Cooling System
 Introduction
Objective
• Understand NPP operational work

Background
 Types of High Temperature Nuclear Reactors
 Design Selection
SCWR MSR HTGR SFR LFR Importance Attribute
4 3 4 2 2 10 Safety
3 3 2 3 3 10 Economics
1 2 5 3 1 10 High Temperature
2 3 4 3 3 9 High Efficiency
3 2 3 2 2 9 Fuel Integrity
2 2 2 2 2 8 Small Staff
2 3 3 3 3 7 High .Burn up
2 2 3 2 2 7 Long Operating Cycle
___
169 174 231 176 156 Total
 Conception Design

Economical
.Site Selection .Safety Aspect
Aspect.
.
 Site Selection

Transmission Network
Population Regions

Industrial Cities

Geological and Seismic Sitting Factors

Transmission Network
Industrial Cities
 Geological and Seismic Sitting Factors

 Vibratory ground motion

 Tectonic surface deformation
 Non-tectonic deformation
 Earthquake recurrence rates
 Fault geometry and slip rates
 Site foundation materials
 Seismically induced floods and water waves
 Safety Aspect

 
  (1) The maximum fuel temperature < 1600 ° C.
  (2) The reactor pressure boundary < 1.1 Times of
Anticipated the max pressure in service.
operational (3) The maximum temperature of the reactor
transients pressure boundary:
 
(i) RPV, primary helium pipe (2 l/4Cr-lMo steel
NT material) < 500 ° C.
(ii) PWC tube (Austenite stainless steel) < 600 °
C.
(iii) IHX tube (Hastelloy XR) < 980 o C.
 
 Safety Aspect
 
  (1) The reactor is not seriously damaged, and sufficient
 
  cooling capacity is available.
(2) The reactor pressure boundary < 1.2 times as high as
the max pressure in service.
(3) The maximum temperature of the reactor. pressure
boundary:
In Case (i) RPV, primary helium pipe (2 1/4Cr-lMo steel NT
if Accidents material) < 550 ° C.
(ii) PWC tube (Austenite stainless steel) < 650 ° C.
(iii) IHX tube (Hastelloy XR) < 1000 ° C.
 
(4) The pressure on the containment boundary < the
max pressure in service
(5) No risk of significant radiation exposure for the
residents in the area.
 Design Specification
 Thermal Power
 The core diameter
 Average Power Density
 The number of fuel blocks
 Burnup period
 The number of control rod blocks  Coolant Mass Flow rate in core
 The fuel enrichment.  Number of Columns

 Fuel blocks containing 30-pins fuel assembly
 Reflector blocks surrounding the 30-pins fuel
assembly
 Number of Pairs of control Rods In Core
 Number of Pairs of control Rods In
Reflector
 Control rod dimensions
 Boron concentration in control rod
 Poison in the fuel blocks
 Thermal Power 72MWt
Outlet coolant Temperature C° 850-950
Inlet Coolant Temperature C° 395
Primary Coolant pressure MPa 4
Core Structure Graphite
Equivalent Core Diameter 3.96m
Effective Core Height m 2.9
Average Power Density W/cm3 2.015
Fuel UO2
Enrichment %to 10 wt 3.7
Average Enrichment %7wt

Type Pin-in-Block Type (Coated Fuel Particles)

Burnup period (effective full power days [EFPD]) months 33

Block Material Graphite Block

Coolant Material Helium Gas
Flow of Direction in Core Downward
Mass Flow rate in core 90tons/hour
Reflector Thickness Top m 1.16
Reflector Thickness Side m 0.99
Reflector Thickness Bottom m 1.16
Number of Fuel Blocks 360
Number of Columns 72

Number of pairs of control Rods In Core 19

Number of pairs of control Rods In Reflector 18

Fuel Type (TRISO)
Fuel Pin
 Fuel Blocks Used In HTGR

Fuel block pin-33 Fuel block pin-31 Fuel block pin-30

 Control Rods

CR System
Type Double Cylinders with Lid and Vent

Number Pairs (74Rods) 37

Total Length (m) 3.1

Outer Diameter (mm) 113
Inner Diameter (mm) 5

Material Sintered Compact of B4C/C

Boron Concentration (wt %) 40

Control Blocks
 Burnable Poisons
Burnable poisons contain boron carbide and carbon
(B4C-C) with natural concentration.

They are placed inside three holes in the fuel block.

 Reflector
Reflector

• There are two reflector blocks on the top and two also bottom from active core.

• The same arrangement and dimensions of fuel blocks without any fuel

contained inside.

• Eighteen of the reflector columns are surrounded by the active core which are

called permanent reflector blocks.

 Reflector
Reflectors

Permanent Block of pin-33 Block of pin-31 Block of pin-30

reflector reflector reflector reflector
 Thermal Hydraulics

Coolant Gas Properties of Helium.

Heat Transfer Convection of Helium.

Heat Generation And Temperature.

 Cooling System

Cooling System

Brayton Cycle
Cooling System
Cooling System
Bryton Cycle
 Thank you for attention

Any Questions?
 Enrichment
Enrichment Distribution
distribution
Fuel zone number
Layer layer
number number
Items 1 2 3 4 5 6
from top from top
block fuel block

1 Uranium enrichment (wt%) 6.9 6.9 9.2 9.2 10 10

3   33 33 31 31 30 30
Number of fuel rods

Uranium enrichment (wt%) 5.3 5.3 6.9 6.9 8.5 8.5

4 2 33 33 31 31 30 30
Number of fuel rods

5 3 Uranium enrichment (wt%) 5.3 5.3 6.9 6.9 8.5 8.5

Number of fuel rods 33 33 31 31 30 30

6 4 Uranium enrichment (wt%) 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.6 5.5 5.5

Number of fuel rods 33 33 31 31 30 30

Uranium enrichment (wt%) 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.6 5.5 5.5

7 5 33 33 31 31 30 30
Number of fuel rods
 The Reactivity
The reactivity
Case Keff Reactivity (∆K/K)
CR full out 1.30 0.30+
CR full in 0.95 0.05-

The negative reactivity added from each control rod is -472 pcm.
 Flux distribution (radial flux)
the flux of fast, epithermal, and thermal of neutrons
thermal flux Linear (thermal flux) epithermal flux fast flux
1.20E+14

1.00E+14

8.00E+13

6.00E+13
flux

4.00E+13

2.00E+13
f(x) = 1.78208900750473E-07 x + 16345449915384.6

0.00E+00
-2.50E+02 -2.00E+02 -1.50E+02 -1.00E+02 -5.00E+01 0.00E+00 5.00E+01 1.00E+02 1.50E+02 2.00E+02 2.50E+02

along R-axis across the reactor core (cm)

 Flux distribution
Flux distribution (in z-axis)(in z-axis)
flux distribution in z-axis for fast, epithermal, and thermal neutrons
9.00E+13
thermal flux Linear (thermal flux) epithermal flux fast flux
8.00E+13

7.00E+13

6.00E+13

5.00E+13
flux

4.00E+13

3.00E+13

2.00E+13

1.00E+13
f(x) = 1964051674.76934 x + 7846335069185.59
R² = 0.00239787522958934
0.00E+00
-2.00E+02 -1.00E+02 0.00E+00 1.00E+02 2.00E+02 3.00E+02 4.00E+02 5.00E+02

Z-axis (cm)
 Enrichment Distribution at EOC
Fuel zone number
Layer layer
number number
Items
from top from top 1 2 3 4 5 6
block fuel block

1 Uranium enrichment BOC(wt %) 6.9 6.9 9.2 9.2 10 10

3   Uranium enrichment EOC(wt %) 3.2 3.2 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.6

Uranium enrichment BOC(wt %) 5.3 5.3 6.9 6.9 8.5 8.5

4 2 Uranium enrichment EOC(wt %) 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.9

5 3 Uranium enrichment BOC(wt %) 5.3 5.3 6.9 6.9 8.5 8.5

Uranium enrichment EOC(wt %) 2.5 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.9 3.9

6 4 Uranium enrichment BOC(wt %) 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.6 5.5 5.5

Uranium enrichment EOC(wt %) 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5

Uranium enrichment BOC(wt %) 3.7 3.7 4.6 4.6 5.5 5.5

7 5 Uranium enrichment EOC(wt %) 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.5 2.5