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 ESCALATOR

Originally a combination of the word “SCALA”,

which is Latin for “STEPS”, and the word
“ELAVATOR”, verb form of the words ‘to escalate’
and is commonly applied to the use of increased
force in warfare.
An ESCALATOR is a power-driven, continuously
moving stairway system used for transporting
people whose steps move up or down on tracks
That keep the surfaces of the individual steps
horizontal.

They are typically used in department stores,

shopping malls, sporting arenas, stadiums,
airports, convention centers, hotels, subways,
office complexes, and public buildings.
 HISTORY OF ESCALATOR
In 1892, he patented ideas for the first
Charles A. Wheeler practical moving staircase, though it was
never built.

Invented the first escalator and installed it as

Jesse W. Reno an amusement ride at Coney Island, New
York in 1897.

He further developed it and joined the Otits

Elevator Company in 1899, together, they
Charles Seeberger
produced the first commercial Escalator an
won a first prize at Paris 1900 Exposition
Universelle in France

The company combined the best aspects of

Otits Elevator both the Reno and Seeberger inventions and
Company in 1921 produced an escalator of the typed
used today.
 BASIC COMPONETS OF AN
ESCALATOR SYSTEM
ENDLESS BELT
BASIC
BASIC
COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS
OFOF
ANAN
ESCALATOR
ESCALATOR
SYSTEM
SYSTEM

0 DRIVE UNIT - is a machine that drives the escalator. It is

comprised of an electric motor, decelerator, electromagnetic brake,
V belt, sprocket, and other components. It is powered by constant
speed AC electric motor.

0 SPROCKET DRIVE - is comprised of wheels installed at top and

bottom (each end) to drive the steps (pallets). The top sprocket
drives the moving steps, while the bottom sprocket turns the steps.

0 STEPS (pallets) - are made from one-piece, die-cast aluminum or

steel. They serve as the moving platform on which an escalator
passenger rides. Individual steps move up or down on tracks,
which keep the topside of the steps (treads) horizontal. Steps are
attached to a continuously circulating belt or pallet system.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN ESCALATOR SYSTEM

0 BALUSTRADE - is the side of an escalator system. It extends above

the steps and includes skirt panels, interior panels, decks, and
handrail.

0 TRUSS - is an assembly of structural steel that serves to support the

escalator load.

0 NEWEL – Extensions of the Balustrade at each end of the escalator

that assist passenger when boarding and landing.

0 SKIRT – The Escalator brushes or skirt deflector is designed to

minimize the risk of trapping objects between the steps and the side
of the escalator.

0 ELECTRIC MOTOR - runs the drive gears.

BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN ESCALATOR SYSTEM

TWO DRIVE GEARS - These gears have chains that loop around
the gears and run down each side of the escalator. Connected to
each step, these chains help the steps make their way up, or
down, the escalator

MOVING HANDRAIL - provides a handhold that riders use for

balance and safety on their ride up or down. The handrail is
powered by the same system that powers the steps. It moves
along the top of the balustrade in synchronization with the
steps.

ENDLESS BELT – it is a continuous belt (chain) attached to the

handrail and directly connected to the steps.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN ESCALATOR SYSTEM

UPPER LANDING
EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON –
Wired to the controller and
placed near or on the escalator
housing which will stop the
driving machine and apply the
brake.

LOWER LANDING
SPEED

• Escalators are powered by constant-speed alternating current motors

and are designed to move at approximately 1 to 2 ft (0.3 to 0.6 m) per
second.
• A single passenger (24 in> 600 mm) escalator traveling at 1.5 feet (0.45
m) per second can move about 170 persons per 5-min period.
• The carrying capacity of an escalator must match the expected peak
traffic demand.
• The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator, measured from the
horizontal floor level, is typically 30°.
• A standard total rise for a commercial escalator can be up to about 60 ft
(18 m).
• Transit escalators can have a total rise up to 164 ft (50.0 m)
BASIC DESIGN CAPACITIES OF ESCALATORS
 ARRANGEMENT ESCALATOR

1. SINGLE ESCALATOR ARRANGEMENT

- takes passengers up one floor; that is, it travels
up but there is no downward travel. Used in
small buildings and commercial centres where
there is insufficient space.

2. SINGLE NONCONTINUOUS ARRANGEMENT is a

set of interrupted escalators, all traveling up
from floor to floor; it has no downward travel. It
requires a passenger traveling multiple floors to
get off, walk a distance to the other side of the
escalator system to get on the next escalator
before traveling to the next upper floor.
ARRANGEMENT ESCALATOR

3. SINGLE CONTINUOUS ARRANGEMENT

- is a set of up-only escalators that zigzag back and
forth as they move floor to floor; a passenger traveling
multiple floors gets off one escalator, takes a few
steps, and gets on the next escalator to travel to the
next upper floor.

4. CRISSCROSS ARRANGEMENT
- The most popular arrangements of escalators which
places the entrance and exit to its upper and lower
end at the opposite end of the escalators.
ARRANGEMENT ESCALATOR

5. CONTINUOUS PARALLEL
- Combined two sets of single continuous
escalator systems side-by-side.

6. NON-CONTINUOUS PARALLEL
- Two single non-continuous
arrangement positioned side-by-side
moving in opposite directions.
ESCALATOR SAFETY TIPS: DOs AND DON’Ts

DO DON’T
1. Stand to the right. Walk to the left. 1. Do not sit on the steps of a moving
escalator.

2. Maintain one step gap between 2.Do not carry your cycles shopping
you and the person in front. carts

3. Face the direction of travel. 3. Never hold your luggage away

from you or block the pathway.

4. Always hold the moving handrail. 4. Never move in the opposite

direction of the escalator travel.

5. Hold your kids. Do not leave them 5. Always stand away from the
alone. escalator landing or you will be
blocking someone.
LONGEST ESCALATORS AND SYSTEMS

• CENTRAL-MID-LEVEL ESCALATOR (HONG KONG) - The

world’s longest outdoor escalator system (not a single
escalator span), at a total length of 800m.
• OCEAN PARK IN HONG KONG – a four-section outdoor
escalator with an overall length of 224 m.
• TIMES SQUARE SHOPPING CENTER IN CAUSEWAY BAY -
A bank of four spiral escalators, each of which turns
through about 180°.
• WHEATON STATION OF THE WASHINGTON METRO
SUBWAY SYSTEM – The longest escalator in Western
Hemisphere at a total length of 155m long.
• METRO SYSTEM IN CITIES OF EASTERN EUROPE - Have
a Soviet-era escalators up to approximately 10 m long.
WALKWAYS
MOVING WALKWAYS
- A moving walkway is a power-driven, continuous, slow-moving conveyor belt
that transports people horizontally.
They are also called:
• moving sidewalk,
• moving pavement,
• walkalator, and
• travelator.

- An inclined moving walkway,

also called a moving ramp or
power ramp, is a moving walkway
that transports people on an
incline, up to a 12° angle of
inclination. Moving walkways are
more accessible to those in
wheelchairs, as they are usually
thought easier to use than getting
in and out of small elevators
TYPES OF WALKWAY TECHNOLOGIES

• PALLET TYPE - a continuous

series of flat metal plates,
called pallets, that are joined
together to form a walkway.

• MOVING BELT - comprised of a

mesh metal or rubber belt with a
rubber walking surface that move
over metal rollers. Once on the
walkway, riders can stand or walk.
Some riders complain that the
rollers below the belt tend to
cause a “bouncy” feel.
TYPES OF WALKWAY TECHNOLOGIES

• GLIDEPATH GLIDEWALK
- this type of moving walkway is a cyclic
moving walkway (as in, it goes in a circle).

• HIGH-SPEED WALKWAYS
- It is like any other walkways except for the
speed. Walkways is usually 3km/hr but the high-
speed walkway in Paris operated at 12km/hr at
first but adjusted to 9km/hr.
Walkways are typically installed in pairs, with one for each direction of travel.
Walkways typically operate at 90 to 120 fpm (27 to 37 m/min) and are up to 500 ft
(~150 m) long.
🤯
THE END!!!