FILAMER CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

ROXAS AVENUE, ROXAS CITY

SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON

JOCEL ANNE B. OSO

SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHER
 Lesson 1

THE MEANING AND

METHOD OF DOING
PHILOSOPHY
 WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

Philosophy is the study of general

and fundamental questions about
existence, knowledge, values,
reason, mind, and language.

s
LOVE WISDOM
 THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
Pythagoras
(570 BCE to 495 BCE)-
A mathematician and scientist, he was credited with formulating
the Pythagorean theorem.
He established a community of learners who were devoted to
the study of religion and philosophy

• The art of living happily is to live in present

• Time is the soul of this world
• The soul of man is divided into three parts, intelligence, reason, and passion. Intelligence and
passion are possessed by other animals, but reason by man alone.
• A fool is known by his speech; and a wise man by silence."
• The soul is always the same yet wears at different times, different forms
THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
Heraclitus
(535 BCe to 475 BCE)-
He proposed that everything that exists is based on a
higher order or plan which he called logos.

• There is nothing permanent in this world

except change
• The content of your character is your
choice, day by day, what you choose, what
you think and what you do is who you
become
• You cannot step into the same river twice
THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
Democritus
(460 BCE to 370 BCE)- He devoted himself to the study of the
causes of natural phenomena.

• Our sins are more easily remembered than

our good deeds
• Happiness resides not in possessions and
not in gold, happiness dwells in the soul
• The pride of the youth is in strength and
beauty, the pride of old age is discretion
THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
Diogenes of Sinope
(412 BCE to 323 BCE)-*He was known as advocate of living
a simple and virtuous life.
*For him, one should not only talk of virtue but should
show it in actions.

• He has the most is most content with the

least
• It is not that I am mad, it is only that my
head is different from yours.
• The foundation of every state is the
education of its youth.
 THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
Epicurus
(341 BCE to 270 BCE)- He believed that philosophy could enable
man to live a life of happiness.

His views gave rise to Epicureanism – a school of philosophy which

believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of
fear and pain.

• Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; remember that what you now
have was once among the things you only hoped for
• The just man is most free from disturbance, while the unjust is full of the utmost
disturbance
• Happiness and freedom begin with a clear understanding of one principle: Some things
are within our control, and some things are not.
 THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS

Socrates
(470 BCE to 399 BCE)- He was considered the foremost philosophers of ancient times.
He was credited with formulating the Socratic method

Socratic method- means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let
the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic.

• The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.” ...

• “The unexamined life is not worth living.” ...
• Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle
THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
(427 BCE to 347 BCE)- A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s
Plato teaching and incorporated some of his own ideas into them.
Theory of Forms, which proposes that everything that exist is based on an idea or template
than can only be perceived in the mind.
Plato is also known for his dialectic- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are
discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge.

• The first and greatest victory is to conquer yourself; to be

conquered by yourself is of all things most shameful and vile
• Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly,
while bad people will find a way around the laws.
• Human behavior flows from three main sources: desire,
emotion, and knowledge.
 THE MOST NOTABLE ANCIENT GREEK
PHILOSOPHERS
Aristotle
(384 BCE to 322 BCE)- He attended the Academy, and was the prominent
student of Plato.
For him, all ideas and views are based on perception and our reality is based on what
we can sense and perceive. His studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal
process of analyzing reasoning which give rise to deductive reasoning-the process by
which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization.

• Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”

• Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all
• Excellence is never an accident. It is always the result of high intention, sincere effort,
and intelligent execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives - choice, not
chance, determines your destiny
 Lesson 1.1

The difference
between Holistic
perspective from a
partial point of view
 Holistic
Thinking – Partial
refers to a Thinking –
perspective focuses on the
that considers specific aspect
large scale of a situation
patterns in
the system
 Lesson 1.2

The Value of doing

Philosophy in
obtaining a broad
perspective on life.
WHY IS THERE NEED TO PHILOSOPHIZE?

Philosophers have often wondered and argued

about the role of philosophy in man’s life.
One view is that each one of us is a
philosopher, whether or not we have studied
philosophy.
We all have the potential to philosophize since
we have a never-ending need to learn and JOCEL ANNE B. OSO
discover SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHER
 INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON

WHY IS THERE NEED TO PHILOSOPHIZE?

WONDERING - PHILOSOPHIZING

TO WONDER MEANS TO REALIZE

THAT THERE IS SOMETHING
STRANGE BEHIND THE THINGS
THAT WE ORDINARILY PERCIEVE
- CHRIS JAN - TERRY
JOCEL ANNE B. OSO
SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHER
Finally, the need to
philosophize is driven by
the love for wisdom. To
love wisdom is to have an
insatiable desire for truth.
A philosopher does not seek
knowledge to claim
ownership of it; and who
engages in philosophy is not
satisfied with figuring out
the answer to a question.
He seeks to continue to
question, to probe, and to
discuss in order to get to
the bottom of things.
The philosopher who
exemplified this perspective
was Socrates. He gained fame
for his curiosity and his
constant debates with many of
the intellectual elite in Greece.
Socrates is famous for having
said “I know that I do not
know…” and it is in accepting
this state of ignorance that one
can begin to learn and
understand.
By expanding our
knowledge through
philosophy, we begin to
realize that learning is
unceasing – there is a lot
more to learn and
experience in life.
“The unexamined life
is not worth living”
-Socrates
Socrates
Socratic method- means of
examining a topic by devising a
series of questions that let the
learner examine and analyze his
knowledge and views regarding the
topic.
Plato Theory of Forms, which proposes that
everything that exist is based on an idea or
template than can only be perceived in the
mind.
Plato is also known for his dialectic- a method
of inquiry where two opposing ideas are
discussed in an attempt to arrive at new
knowledge.
Aristotle
For him, all ideas and views are based on
perception and our reality is based on
what we can sense and perceive. His
studies in logic led to the formulation of a
formal process of analyzing reasoning
which give rise to deductive reasoning-the
process by which specific statements are
analyzed to reach a conclusion or
generalization.
 INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

METHAPHYSICS EPISTOMOLOGY AXIOLOGY

LOGIC ETHICS

AESTHETIC
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

JOCEL ANNE B. OSO

SOCIAL SCIENCE TEACHER
Lesson 1.3 Doing a Philosophical Reflection on a Situation
from Holistic Perspective
• Reflection requires a person to be willing to examine one’s thoughts, feelings,
and
• action and to learn more about one’s life and experiences.
•  Human self-reflection is the capacity of humans to exercise introspection and
to
• attempt to learn more about their fundamental nature and essence.
•  Philosophy has an important place in our daily lives. Engaging in philosophical
• reflection leads to the development of beneficial skills that individuals can apply
in
• everyday situations.
REFERENCES:
• ABELLA, R. (2016). INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE
HUMAN PERSON. C&E PUBLISHING INC. PAGES 7-9
• PLATO, THEAETETUS, 155 B. BENJAMIN JEWELT IN VOL 7 OF GREAT
BOOKS, P.519
• FOR THE LOVE OF WISDOM BY CHRIS JOHN TERRY, AN EXPLANATION
OF THE MEANING AND PURPOSE OF PHILOSOPHY
• CHRIS& ANNE CATALAN. DOING PHILOSOPHY/ THE NEED TO
PHILOSOPHIZE