REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

Faiz-Ur-Rehman
Muhammad Umair
 OVERVIEW

 History
 Geography
 Population Comparison
 Economic Overview
 Efficient Economic Policies
 Basic Development Lacking
 Statistical Inference comparison
 Economy
 Agriculture
 Economic Attributes
 Labor Force
 Development Objectives
 Conclusion
 HISTORY

The earliest reference to the region was to a kingdom

called Vanga, or Banga (c. 1000 B.C.).

Buddhists ruled for centuries, but by the 10th century

Bengal was primarily Hindu.

 West Pakistan and East Pakistan were united by religion

(Islam), but their peoples were separated by culture,
physical features, and 1,000 miles of Indian territory.

Bangladesh became one of the large nation states in

1971 when it seceded from Pakistan.
 GEOGRAPHY
Continent: Asia
Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and
India
Total Area: 144,000 sq km
Climate:
Tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June);
humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Natural resources:
Natural gas, arable land, timber, coal
Natural hazards:
Droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely undated during the summer
monsoon season
 BASIC DEVELOPMENT LACKINGS

There is low ratio of migration to the urban Areas.

However, Over three quarter of the population still live in the rural
areas, Most engaged in subsistence farming.

Bangladesh economy suffers from structural constrains such as poor

transportation and communication facilities.(Roads,
Telecommunications, Tracks B/W Cities)

Policy makers had undergone through many attempts to remove

these problems, But have proven to be less successful
 COMPARISON OF POPULATION B/W
BANGLADESH AND PAKISTAN
Bangladesh Pakistan
Population 156,050,883 176,242,949
Population growth rate 1.29 % 1.95 %
Birth rate 24.68 births/1,000 27.62births/1,000
Death rate 9.23 deaths/1,000 7.68 deaths/1,000
Infant mortality rate 59.02 deaths/1,000 65.14 deaths/1,000
Life expectancy at 60.25 years 64.49 years
birth
Literacy rate 47.9% 49.9%
Monetary unit Taka Pak Rupees

All the figures are estimated in 2009

Taken from:
http://www.indexmundi.com/map/?t=0&v=39&r=xx&l=en
DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION SECTOR
 Highest allocation of budget given to Education
Sector(11.9%).
 Opportunities for science education and research
to be augmented.
 Ensure 100 percent enrolment at primary level
by 2010.
 Programmed for free distribution of books,
school construction and providing stipends to
students.
 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

The economy has grown 5-6% per year since 1996 despite
inefficient state-owned enterprises, delays in exploiting
natural gas resources, insufficient power supplies, and slow
implementation of economic reforms.

In 2008 Bangladesh pursued a monetary policy aimed at

maintaining high employment, but created higher inflation in
the process.
 COMPARISON OF STATISTICAL INFERENCES B/W
BANGLADESH AND PAKISTAN
Indicators Bangladesh Pakistan
GDP (PPP) $224 billion 392.5 billion
GDP - real growth rate 4.9 % 2.9%
GDP - per capita 1300 2400
Labor force 70.86 MILLION 50.58 Million
Unemployment rate 2.5% 7.4 %
Public debt 37.9 % 53.8 %
Inflation rate (C.P.) 8.9 % 20.3 %
Poverty Rate 45% 24 %

All the figures are estimated in 2009

Taken from:
http://www.indexmundi.com/map/?t=0&v=39&r=xx&l=en
 ECONOMY
Agriculture - products:
Rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk,
poultry

Industries:
Cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer,
light engineering, sugar

Exports:
$13.97 billion (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Garments, jute and jute goods, leather, frozen fish and seafood
Exports - partners:
US 23%, Germany 13%, UK 9.1%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4% (2007)

Imports:
$20.17 billion (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products,
cement
Imports - partners:
China 15%, India 14.3%, Kuwait 8.3%, Singapore 6.2%, Hong Kong 4.2% (2007)
 AGRICILTURE SECTOR

 AGRICULTURE ACCOUNTS FOR APPROXIMATELY ONE-QUARTER

OF BOTH THE GDP AND THE EXPORTS.

 LACK OF WAREHOUSING AND COLD STORAGE FACILITIES

IMPEDE BOTH DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL
TRADE.

 BANGLADESH WAS NOT ABLE TO ABSORB ITS RAPIDLY

GROWING LABOR FORCE OR GENERATE A SUFFICIENT FLOW
OF FOREIGN-EXCHANGE EARNINGS DUE TO RELATIVELY HIGH
DEPENDENCE ON AGRICULTURE
 ECONOMIC ATTRIBUTES

THE ECONOMY IS CHARACTERISED BY A LOW

DOMESTIC SAVINGS RATE AND A LARGE BALANCE OF
PAYMENT DEFICIT.

IN 2000, THE COUNTRY IMPORTED $8.5 BILLION, BUT

EXPORTED ONLY $5.7BILLION.

CONSEQUENTLY, EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE (FOREIGN

AID) PLAYED A ROLE IN PROVIDING BUGDTERY AND
BALANCE OF PAYMENT SUPPORT.
 LABOR FORCE

Bangladesh needs a strong Human Capital accumulation.

Bangladesh’s labor force is largely Un-skilled and Un-Educated.

Despite, The larger population, Human recourses development is

extremely low.

Educating the labor and giving them basic skills can prove to be
fuel injection to the economy.
 EFFICIENT ECONOMIC POLICIES

 Despite repeated disruptions by Natural disasters, Bangladesh made

significant progress in many areas in the past decade.

 Exports grew through policies designed to promote export and improve

foreign exchange-rate management.

 Government deficits were lowered through cutbacks in public investment.

 Policies were persuade to provide incentive prices to farmers, to

deregulate private investment licensing procedures and to undertake a
major decentralization of public enterprises.

 Bangladesh achieved a highly respectable average real rate of per-capita

GDP growth of 3.2%(1990-2000).
 CONCLUSION

 As the pioneer in micro credit beginning with GRAMEEN bank

and now including a half dozen other major micro credit
institutions; Hope has been brought to millions of improved
Bangladesh Women.

 Bangladesh will have to work hard to sustain its agriculture

output while continuing to expand its industrial base.

 But recent declines in the rate of population growth,

microcredit, and weekly found export markets for its
manufactured products provide reasons for optimism.