K J SOMAIYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

MUMBAI-77
(CONSTITUENT COLLEGE OF SOMAIYA VIDYAVIHAR
UNIVERSITY)
Basics of Fluid Mechanics
Open Elective Sem – VI
By
Dr. S. R. Nikam
shailesh.n@somaiya.edu

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 Types of flow

• Viscous and Inviscid regions of flow

• Internal versus External flow
• Compressible versus incompressible flow
• Laminar versus turbulent flow
• Natural versus forced flow
• Steady versus unsteady flow
• One, two or three dimensional flow

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 Viscosity of fluid

• Resistance offered for the movement of one layer of fluid over other is
called viscosity

Fluid for which rate of deformation is proportional to the

shear stress are called Newtonian fluid.
Shear stress can be expressed as

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 Viscosity

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 Some important aspects:

Solid body in translational motion, the velocity of

each part of the body is the same.

Fluid in motion, the velocity may be different at

each location in the fluid.
So how to visualize a moving fluid?

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 Introduction to governing equations
• Fundamental governing equations: continuity, momentum, and energy
equations.
• These equations speak physics.
• They are the mathematical statements of:
1. Mass is conserved.
2. Newton's second law, F = ma.
3. Energy is conserved.

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 Finite Control Volume

Control volume fixed in

space with the fluid
moving through it.
Governing equations,
integral form,
conservation form.

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 Conservation of mass equation

This is conservation of mass relation, also known as continuity equation or mass balance
for steady two dimensional flow of fluid with constant density

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 Conservation of momentum equation

• Net force acting on the control volume is equal to the mass times the
acceleration of the fluid element within the control volume.

Total differential of u for steady and two dimensional

consideration
Acceleration of fluid element is

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 F = ma

Body Forces Surface Forces

Pressure Viscous

Normal (xx……) Shear (xy……)

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 Conservation of momentum equation (Contd…)

• Net surface force acting in the x direction

• This is relation for conservation of momentum in the x direction and

known as x momentum equation

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 Boundary layer approximation

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 Conservation of energy equation

• For steady flow

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• Net rate of heat conduction into volume element in x direction

• Net rate of energy transferee to the control volume by heat conduction

• Energy equation for the steady two dimensional flow of a fluid

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