USA:

President-
Election, Powers &
Function
 Introduction
• The President Of The United States or POTUS is the head of state, the
federal government's chief executive, and the military's Commander-in-
Chief.
• In
the presidential system of government, the chief of state is not only the
nominal executive, but also the real executive, using the powers conferred
upon him/her by the constitution and laws.
• Under the American Constitution, he/she has tremendous power.
 Current President of USA

Some facts about the Current President of The United States:

• The 46th and current president of the United States of
America is Mr. Joseph Biden.
• He belongs to the democratic party of USA.
• He was sworn in on January 20, 2021.
• He is the oldest president and the first to have a female vice
president.
 Election Procedure of the President of USA

 Introduction
• As the United States is a republic, the president is chosen by the people.
• A direct election of the President, according to the makers of the American Constitution,
could lead to chaos and uncertainty.
• They desired a presidential election that was both orderly and respectable.
• The President is be elected by a Presidential Electoral College, whose members would be
chosen by the people.
 Election Procedure of the President of USA
 Nomination of Candidates
• The political parties first nominate their candidates for the office of President.
•A National Convention is held by each political party to select its presidential
contender.
 Election Campaign
• It is a significant aspect in the presidential election process.
• During the campaign, the country is treated to one of the most colorful and
extensive political scenes ever seen.
• During this time, the media is most actively interested.
 Election Procedure of the President of USA
 Composition and Election of the Electoral College
• The Presidential Electoral College is made up of the same number of members
as both chambers of the American government i.e. 435 House of
Representatives + 100 Senate members = 535 members.
• The District of Colombia now has three more seats, courtesy of the 23rd
Amendment, bringing the total number of members to 538 (535+3= 538).
• The political system of the United States follows a calendar sequence.
• Every leap year, voters elect the members of the Electoral College on the
Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
 Election Procedure of the President of USA
 Composition and Election of the Electoral College
• On the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, these electors
gather in the capitals of each state to vote for the President.
• On election day, citizens do not vote for a single candidate, but rather for a slate
of electors who have pledged to vote for a specific Presidential and Vice-
Presidential candidate.
• Every four years, a special body called the Presidential Electoral College is
constituted to elect the President. After this function is completed, it is
dissolved.
• Each member of the Electoral College is given a separate ballot paper on which
to cast their vote.
 Election Procedure of the President of USA
 Vote Counting and Results Announcement
• The ballots are sealed and submitted to the Senate Chairman, who counts the votes and
announces the results.
• The Presidential candidate who receives a clear majority of votes i.e. 270 out of 538 total is
elected.
 Oath of Office
• On the 20th of January, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court administers the oath of office to
the newly elected President.
• If a Presidential candidate does not receive a clear majority, the House of Representatives is
charged with electing the President. The House of Representatives must choose one of the top
three candidates who receive the most electoral votes.
• Following this procedure, whoever receives the most number of votes is chosen President.
 President's Qualifications
 Qualifications
• To be elected President of the United States, a person must meet the following
requirements:
1. The candidate must be an American citizen by birth.
2. The applicant must be beyond the age of 35.
3. He or she must have spent a minimum of 14 years in the United States.
• One thing we must keep in mind is that a non- citizen who has accquired the
citizenship of the country cannot run for President.
 President's Tenure
 Tenure
• An electoral college elects the President of the United States for a four-year
term. The founders of the Constitution decided on this term length because
they believed it should be neither too lengthy nor too short.
• The President's re-election was previously unrestricted under the Constitution.
• However, The first President, George Washington, was elected twice but
refused to run for re-election a third time.
• Sincethen, a convention has been established that prohibits a president from
being re-elected for more than two terms in a row.
 President's Tenure
 Tenure
• If the President's office becomes vacant due to death, resignation, or removal,
and the Vice-President is unable to fill the vacancy, the office will be replaced
by:
a. the Speaker of the House of Representatives,
b. the President Pro-Tempore of the Senate, or
c. the Secretary of State.
• However, in the history of the American political system, such an opportunity
has never presented itself.
 President's Removal
 Removal
• The President of the United States of America can be impeached and removed
from office before the end of his or her customary term.
• If he is proven guilty of treason, bribery, or a serious crime, he may be
impeached.
• The House of Representatives initiates the impeachment process. The House
must pass an impeachment resolution mentioning the accusations with a
majority of votes in order to do so. The resolution will now be sent to the Senate
for consideration.
• The Senate then acts as an investigative court. The Chief Justice of the United
States Supreme Court preside over such a Senate meeting.
 President's Removal
 Removal
• Theclaims are investigated by the Senate, and the President is given a full
opportunity to explain and defend himself.
• ThePresident is impeached if the Senate, after thorough deliberation, passes
the impeachment resolution by a two-thirds majority. The technique of
impeachment is a tough one.
• Only two presidents, Andrew Jackson and Bill Clinton, have had to deal with
it, but they were not impeached, because the impeachment resolution did not
pass.
 President's Powers in the United States
• A Presidential System of Government is established under the United States Constitution. It
establishes the President's office, making him the state's and government's chief executive.
• He is neither a member nor a responsible member of Congress. He has a four-year tenure that
is secure, set, and definitive.
• Because the President is both the head of state and the head of government, he wields
enormous influence in the United States of America.
• His is one of the world's most influential and powerful democratic offices.
President's Powers in the United States
Executive

President’s
Judicial Powers in Legislative
the USA

Financial
 Executive Power of the American President
 As Chief Administrator
• ThePresident is in charge of the national government. It is his responsibility to
ensure that the United States Constitution, laws, and treaties, as well as federal
court decisions, are effectively executed throughout the country. The entire
federal bureaucracy assists him in carrying out his duties.
 Power of Removal
• The President has unrestricted ability to remove members of the executive
branch whom he disapproves of. This authority does not, however, extend to
the officials nominated by the commissions. It's worth remembering that the
President only has limited powers when it comes to removing judges.
 Executive Power of the American President
 As Commander-in-Chief
• As Supreme Commander of the United States Armed Forces, the President is
responsible for the country's defence. He appoints military officers with Senate
approval and can fire them at any time. Despite the fact that Congress has the right to
declare war, the President can make war inescapable and essential through his
administration. The President, as Commander-in-Chief, decides where troops will be
stationed. On land and at sea, every action of the military forces is carried out in
accordance with the President's commands.
 Treaty-making
• The President has the authority to enter into treaties with sovereign governments. All
such accords, however, must be approved by a two-thirds majority of the Senate
members present and voting.
 Executive Power of the American President
• Power of Appointment
• The President is authorized under the Constitution to designate principal officers of the
various departments, subject to Senate approval, and to request their written opinions on
any issue relevant to the duties of their respective offices. He/she may obtain their
opinions orally in a meeting or in writing in this regard, but is not obligated to accept
them. He/she selects ambassadors, ministers, federal judges, and other officers of the
United States with the advice and approval of a simple majority of the senators present.
 Senatorial Courtesy
• The approval of presidential appointments is linked to senatorial politeness. It is not a
law or a regulation, but rather a customary procedure that has been followed in the
United States Senate for many years. If the president nominates someone for a job and
there is a Senator from the same state, the Senate has the ability to reject the nomination
under senatorial courtesy.
 Executive Power of the American President
 Foreign Policy
• The US president is the mastermind behind the country's foreign policy. He not
only formulates US foreign policy, but also manages the country's foreign
relations. The US President's foreign policy actions have an impact on all
nations across the world.
 Cabinet management
• His Cabinet is made up of his personal picks and reports directly to him. Its
judgments do not bind him. Any cabinet member can be forced to resign or
follow specific policies within his department by the President.
 Legislative Power of the President of USA
 Messages to Congress
• The President has the right to send messages to Congress suggesting legislative initiatives.
These messages are often not disregarded by Congress because they originate from the
highest authority in the state. The President also briefs Congress on the condition of the
union and issues that he deems demand prompt attention from Congress. This message is
conveyed to both the Congress and the general public, and it is broadcast on television.
 Making Executive Orders
• It can be claimed under this heading that the President has the authority to issue executive
orders in order to satisfy administrative needs emerging from unforeseen circumstances.
Furthermore, it is the President's job to put the legislature's laws into effect. The US
President has made great use of this power.
 Legislative Power of the President of USA
 Power to call special sessions of Congress
• The President has the authority to call extraordinary sessions of Congress on unusual occurrences. To host
such sessions, the President must provide written justification. Once extraordinary sessions have been
established, it is up to Congress to choose how long they will last and when they will be adjourned. If the
two houses cannot agree on a date for adjournment due to substantial disagreements, the President can set
the date.
 The President's Veto Power
• According to the Constitution, every bill passed by Congress must get the President's approval before
becoming law. He or she must sign the bill within ten days of its submission, otherwise it will become law
even if the President does not sign it.
 Budgetary Authority
• He or she has budgetary authority under the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, which gives him or her
control over the drafting of the national budget, which he or she submits to Congress with his or her
yearly budget speech.
 Judicial Power of the President of US
• The President of the United States, like all the other major executive heads, has the authority
to extend clemency or pardon to all criminals found guilty of breaking federal laws.
• The President appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, giving him judicial authority.
 Financial Power of American President

• The President's financial power extends to the creation of budgets.

• The Budgeting and Accounting Act of 1921 abolished the executive office
tasked with assisting the President in carrying out his responsibilities as a
Manager with regard to the expenditures of administrative agencies.
• Itwas replaced with a Budget Bureau tasked with overseeing the spending
activities of various agencies and advising the President on steps to take to
improve administrative services' economy and efficiency.
• TheDirector of the Bureau is appointed by the President and works under his
supervision and authority.
 Functions of the American President
Function as the Nation's Leader
• The President is recognized as the nation's emblem. He is the United States'
single most powerful leader, on whom the people rely for peace, security, and
growth. In both war and peace, the President serves as a guide for the people.
Functions as Head of State
• The President of the United States is not only the head of the government, but
also the head of the state, and fulfils ceremonial functions similar to the Indian
President. In his or her person, the functions of the state and government are
united. As a result, we can conclude that the presidency of the United States is
a position of immense dignity and distinction.
 Functions of the American President

Function of the President as Party Leader

• ThePresident also serves as the party's leader. His/her command of the party is
a source of power for him/her.
• The President is responsible for carrying out the work of his/her political party.
• Inthe event that he/she has either completed his/her two terms as President or
is not interested in running for President a second time, he/ she nominates the
chairperson of his/her party and assists the party in selecting a new candidate.
 Conclusion
• The President's powers and functions clearly demonstrate that the US Presidency has become
the most powerful post in the world.
• He is the architect and director of US foreign policy as well as the country's international
relations.
• The President's leadership is crucial not only on a national level, but also on a global level.
Some scholars consider the President to be the most powerful ruler in the world because of
his pivotal position in foreign relations.
• In fact, the President of the United States is one of the most powerful positions ever created
by a democratic country.