REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE

OF BUILDUING
Prepared by,
Afsar Mansuri,
Priyanshu Saini
REPAIR
 It refers to the modification of a structure, partly or wholly , which is damaged
in appearance or serviceabilty

REHABILITATION
 It is the process of restoring the structure to service level, once it had and now
lost.
 Strengthening consists in endowing the structure with a service level, higher
than that initially planned by modifying the structure not necessarily damaged
area
 WHAT IS MAINTENANCE ?
 It is the act of maintaining the building in its serviceable condition.
 It is defined as the work done to keep the Civil Engineering structures and work in
a condition so as to enable them to carry out the functions for which they are
constructed. The maintenance of structure is done to meet the following
objectives
 NEED OF MAINTENANCE
 To preserve the operating condition of machinery and building services ,
structure,etc
 To restore them to their original standards
 To improve the facilities depending upon the development that is taking place in
the concerned engineering
IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENANCE
 Improves the life of structure
 Improved life period gives better return on investment
 Better appearance and aesthetically appealing
 Leads to quicker detection of defects and hence remedial measures
 Prevents major deterioration that leads to collapse
 Ensures safety to occupants
 Ensures feeling of confidence by the user
 DETERIORATION
 The process that adversely affects the performance of a structure over
time due to defects and damages occurred by naturally occurring
chemical, physical or biological actions, repeated actions such as those
causing fatigues, normal or severe environmental influences and wear due
to use, abuse and others.
CAUSES OF DETERIORATION
The main causes of Deterioration are:-
Human

Chemicals

Atmospheric

Miscellaneous
 Human factors causing Detrioration
Failure to clean and carry out routine maintenance
Ignorance of the causes of deterioration and decay
Poor planning for proper maintenance
Failure to promote awareness of maintenance needs by
all who use the buildings.
Adopting a negative attitude of waiting until emergency
measures are required.
 Chemical factor causing Deterioration
Interaction of certain cleaning agents with materials
and/or components causing disintegration, softening or
discoloration.

Promoting Corrosion
Interactionof certain dissimilar materials in close contact
with one another in a corrosion environment.
Environmental conditions causing
deterioration
Reaction of the structure, external fabric, finishes and
cladding to the atmospheric elements such as:

Wind

Rain

Sun

Frost and snow for cold weather

Pollution in the atmosphere
Reaction of the building to the penetration of the above
atmospheric elements.
 Miscellaneous condition
 Structural
 Moisture
 Fire
 Faulty Design
 Faulty Construction
 Faulty Materials
 Faulty System
 Cleaning
 Defects in building
A defect is a building flaw or design mistake that reduces the
value of the building, and causes a dangerous condition.

Types of most common defects in building

Cracking

Leakage

Settlement

Over deflection
Over loading
Material used for concrete
Aggressive enviornment
Main causes of building defects in
various building elements
Foundations, basements
Soil

Poor Workmanships
Sinkholes

Roots
Walls
 Non-structural cracks
 Structural cracks
 Spalling of concrete
 Defective external wall finishes
 Column and Beams
 Pure Compression Failure.
 Combine stress failure.
 Buckling Failure.
 Shear Failure.
 Failure due to Lack of Confinement Reinforcement.
 Torsional Failures.
 Failures due to Construction Defects.
 Failures due to errors in the Construction.
Roof and Terraces
 Poor Workmanship
 Blistering
 Poor repair and maintenance
 Shrinkage
 Leaks
Materials for Repair, maintenance and
protection
 Anti corrosion coatings
 Adhesives/bonding aids
 Repair mortars
 Curing compounds
 Joints sealants
 Waterproofing systems for roofs
 Protective coatings
Remedial Measures for Building
Defects
 Crack repair methods
 Repair of walls
 Repair of surface defects of concrete
 Repair of corrosion in RCC element
 Repair of joints in buildings
Cracks repair method
 Sealing with epoxies:-
 Routing an sealing:-
 Stitching :-
 Overlays:-
 Grouting:-
 Blanketing:-
Repairs of Walls
 Sealing of cracks by epoxy resin injection
 Repairing brickwork with epoxy mortar
 Installing ferrocement plate at the corner
 Rebuilding portion of a wall
 Stitching method of repairing cracks.
Repair of surface defects of concrete

Generally, concrete surface defects are:-

Honeycombing

Air pockets land bolt holes

Rock pockets and grovels streaks
Sand streaking
Laitance

Rust stains
Dusting

Surface scaling.
Repair of corrosion in RCC element

The main cause of this corrosion is intrusion of water inside the RC

structures.

There are two types of corrosion:

Crevice Corrosion
Pitting Corrosion
Repair of joints in buildings
 Sealing of Cracks in Buildings:-Cracks are produced in
concrete due to shrinkage, thermal changes, structural-
related stresses, and long-term strain shortening.
 Sealing of Contraction (control) Joints in Buildings:-
Contraction joints are intentional gaps / discontinuities
provided to control crack locations to accommodate the
contraction of concrete.
THANK YOU