UNIT TWO

VOCABULORY
CSS
English
WRITTEN FORM ORAL FORM

26 LETTERS 44 sounds/ phonemes

01 ALPHABET 20 vowels

24 consonants
Homophones & Homonyms
• Homophones :
The words having SAME PRONUNCIATION but DIFFERENT MEANINGS ,
ORIGINS AND SPELLINGS.
e.g., new-knew, son-sun, pen-pain, eye-I, mail-male, tell-tale-tail,
pail-pale, heel-hill-heal, know-no, ate-eight, knight-night, meat-meet, to-too-
two, one-won, some-sum, steal-steel, stationary-stationery, weak-week, sin-seen.
Homophones & Homonyms
• Homonyms:
• The words having SAME SPELLING and/ PRONUNCIATION but
DIFFERENT MEANINGS AND ORIGINS.
• E.g., Well, kind, ring, right, bark, bat, match, current, flat, tear, safe,
park, fine, date, treat, advance, cell, change, orange, ruler, bank, saw,
palm, seal, glass
DENOTATIVE & CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS
CONNOTATIVE MEANING
The feelings/ emotions that the word evokes stand for the connotative
meaning of the word.
Emotional and imaginative suggestions by the word, not literal.
His work continued to pour in evening.
There was a twinkle in her eye whenever she smiled.
Many people lost their lives in the second wave of the epidemic.
That shirt was so cheap, it pilled in a matter of weeks.
In old age, his mind has become a home for countless memories and
emotions.
Let the child in you never grow !
DENOTATIVE MEANING
The literal meaning of the word/ expression.
The direct definition of the word with no emotional attachments, like
the dictionary entry.
Do you want me to pour you a glass of water?
The stars twinkle in the sky so brightly.
The wave reached the seashore.
This shirt is cheap enough for me to afford.
He rarely visits home for most of the time he is busy in foreign
meetings and business trips.
The child needs his mother every now and then.
PALINDROME
• Palindrome:
A word, phrase, sentence, verse that reads the same backward and
forward.
Pip, peep, bib, wow, mom, dad, eye, Malayalam, radar, race car, level.
Madam, civic, noon, never odd or even , no lemon, no melon, Kanak ,
don’t nod, borrow or rob, step on no pets.
Synonyms & Antonyms
• Ponder –
(Think, Tackle, Test, Trim)
Connoisseur-
( ignorant, interpreter, delinquent, lover of arts)
Furore-
(anxiety, excitement, eagerness, earnestness)
Identity the synonym.
 The story is too fantastic to be credible.

1.believable

2.false

3.readable

4.Praiseworthy

They feel that we should be fully aware of our own environment.

5.nationality

6.heredity

7.nature

8.surroundings
Identify the synonym.
No one will invite her to a tea party for she is so garrulous.

1.talks a lot

2.giggles all the time

3.laughs a lot

4.repeats gossip

The base of an Indian Politicians is the group of sycophants around them who earn bad
name for their leaders.

5.submissive

6.foppish

7.flatterers

8.jarnor
Identify the synonyms
Even today many people are guided by abstruse moral values.

1. dangerous

2. impracticable

3. obscure

4. Irrational

The poem is written in a very lucid style.

5. elaborate

6. clear

7. noble

8. intricate
Identify the synonym.