HEMORRH

care of patient with

OIDS
What is Hemorrhoids?
Hemorrhoids  are swollen veins in the lowest
part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the
walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that
the veins bulge and get irritated, especially
when you poop. Hemorrhoids are also called
piles
 Hemorrhoids are one of the most common
causes
of rectal bleeding they often go away on their
own. Treatments can also help.
 Hemorrhoids are classified by their
anatomic origin within the anal canal and
by their position relative to the dentate
line; thus, they are categorized into
internal and external hemorrhoids
 types of hemorrhoids
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
HEMORRHOIDS HEMORRHOIDS

Internal hemorrhoids lie External hemorrhoids are

inside the rectum. You usually hemorrhoids that affect veins outside
can't see or feel them, and they the anus. These hemorrhoids can
rarely cause discomfort.Painless cause bleeding, cracking, and itching.
bleeding during bowel
movements.
 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY of the

RECT
UM
 The rectum is the last part of
the large intestine and
connects the sigmoid colon to
the anal canal. The rectum
begins at the height of S2-S3
and ends at the perineum.
 It is important for the
water resorption as well as
for the resorption of
electrolyte from the stool
and plays an important
role in the defecation
process.
 The rectum is supplied by the
superior rectal artery (branch of
the inferior mesenteric artery),
middle rectal artery (branch of the
internal iliac artery) and inferior
rectal artery (branch of the internal
pudendal artery from the internal
iliac artery).
 The rectum is the last stop
before the feces is eliminated
through the anal canal. Similar
to the colon electrolytes are
absorbed (sodium, potassium,
chloride) and indigestible food
ingredients are decomposed by
anaerobic bacteria. The stool is
thickened through water
absorption and mixed with
mucus.
MANAGEMENT:

HEMORRHOIDECT
OMY
What is a hemorrhoidectomy?
A hemorrhoidectomy is
surgery to remove
hemorrhoids, whether they’re
internal or external.
Why is a hemorrhoidectomy performed?

If your hemorrhoids are severe, they can

cause
itching, bleeding, and pain. They can continue to swell, increasing in size over
time.
Surgical removal of hemorrhoids may
be an option if:
• less invasive methods haven’t worked for you
• hemorrhoids are severe and causing a lot of discomfort
• internal hemorrhoids are strangulated
• external hemorrhoids are swollen due to a clot
• you have both internal and external hemorrhoids
• you need surgery for other anorectal conditions
Recovery phase
During this time, you may have some:

• bruising
• irritation
• minor bleeding
• discharge
• soreness
self-care measures can include:

• staying well-hydrated
• taking pain relievers
• soaking in a sitz bath or regular warm bath
• applying ice packs
• taking stool softeners to avoid constipation
and straining
 Post- op care

• Pain medication as prescribed

• Some bleeding is normal, especially with the first bowel movement after
surgery.
• For a few days after surgery, drink liquids and eat a bland diet (plain rice,
bananas, dry toast or crackers, applesauce). Then you can return to regular
foods and gradually increase the amount of fiber in your diet.
• You may apply numbing medicines before and after bowel movements to
relieve pain.
• Ice packs applied to the anal area may reduce swelling and pain.
• Frequent soaks in warm water (sitz baths) help relieve pain and muscle spasms.