The History of

President of
Republic of the
Philippines
LEARNING OUTCOMES:

By the end of this lesson, You should be able;

• To know the meaning or definition of

President and;
• To have knowledge of what Presidents can
do to our country
• To know the 16 Presidents of the Philippines
Background and their Contribution.
What is President ?

• The President is the Head of State and Head of Government, and

functions as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines. As chief executive, the President exercises control
over all the executive departments, bureaus, and offices.
• The President is responsible for implementing and enforcing the
laws written by Congress and, to that end, appoints the heads of the
federal agencies, including the Cabinet.
• The president of a country that has no king or queen is the person
who is the head of state of that country.
A PRESIDENT CAN . . .
• make treaties with the approval of the
Senate.
• veto bills and sign bills.
• represent our nation in talks with foreign
countries.
• enforce the laws that Congress passes.
• act as Commander-in-Chief during a war.
• call out troops to protect our nation
against an attack.
• make suggestions about things that
should be new laws.
• lead his political party.
• entertain foreign guests.
• recognize foreign countries.
• grant pardons.
• nominate Cabinet members and Supreme
Court Justices and other high officials.
• appoint ambassadors.
• talk directly to the people about problems.
• represent the best interest of all the people
16 PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILIPPINES
AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS
Emilio Aguinaldo (January 23, 1899 –
March 23, 1901)

• Emilio Aguinaldo was the first

president of the Philippines First
Republic (also known as the
Malolos Republic). He was
inaugurated on January 23, 1899, at
the Barasoain Church, Malolos,
Bulacan. He led the proclamation of
the Philippine Independence on
June 12, 1898, in his ancestral home
in Kawit, Cavite.
Contributions and Achievements of
Emilio Aguinaldo:

• He waved the Philippine flag in declaring the independence of the

Philippines in 1898
• He was the first (and only) president of the First Republic (Malolos
Republic)
• The youngest Filipino president, taking office at age 28
• The longest-lived president of the Philippines, passing away at
age 94
• Featured in the front and back of the Philippine 5-peso bill (not
circulated anymore)
Contributions and Achievements of
Emilio Aguinaldo:

• He led the country in the Spanish-Philippine War and the American-

Philippine War
• He led the proclamation of the Philippine Independence
• Known as the President of the Revolutionary Government
• Signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, creating a truce between the
Spanish and Philippine revolutionaries
• He was a well-known entrepreneur, soldier, and politician
• Emilio Aguinaldo had Bachelor of Arts (college preparatory) at the
Colegio de San Juan de Letran in 1880
Manuel L. Quezon (1935-1944)
• Manuel L. Quezon was
the 2nd president of the
Philippines and the first
president of the Philippine
Commonwealth established
under the USA. He was
inaugurated on December 30,
1941, in Corregidor Island. He’s
known as the “Father of
National Language” (Ama ng
Wikang Pambansa). He died
of tuberculosis in Saranac
Lake, New York.
Contributions and Achievements of
Manuel L. Quezon:

• First President elected through a national election

• First Senate President elected as President of the Philippines
• The first president of the Philippines under the Commonwealth
• Initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth
• Manuel L. Quezon created the National Council of Education
• He approved Filipino as the national language of the Philippines
• Studied Bachelor of Arts at Colegio de San Juan de Letran
Contributions and Achievements of
Manuel L. Quezon:
• Studied Bachelor of Law at the University of Sto. Tomas
• Ranked 4th in the Philippine Bar Exam (1903)
• A province, a city, a bridge, and a university in Manila are named
after him
• He fought for the passage of the Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)
• His body rests peacefully inside the special monument on Quezon
Memorial Circle
• Featured in the 20-peso bill, for the Declaration of Filipino as the
national language
• First Filipino featured on the cover of TIME Magazine
Jose P. Laurel (October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945)

• Jose P. Laurel was the

3rd president of the Philippines
and the president of the
Second Philippine Republic.
His inauguration was on
October 14, 1943, in the
Legislative Building, now
National Museum. He served
president of the Philippines
during the Japanese
occupation during World War
II.
Contributions and Achievements of Jose P.
Laurel:

• Jose P. Laurel is the only Philippine president who served the

three branches of government – he became a senator-
congressman, associate justice, and president
• Since the early 1960s, Laurel was recognized as a legitimate
president of the Philippines
• Organized KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong
Pilipinas, or Association for Service to the New Philippines), a
provisional government during the Japanese occupation
• Laurel declared Martial Law and war between the Philippines and
the US/United Kingdom in 1944
Contributions and Achievements of Jose P.
Laurel:

• He’s the Founder of the Lyceum of the Philippines

• He’s a Law genius, ranked 2nd in the Philippine Bar
Exam in 1915
• Earned a Doctorate in Civil Law from Yale University in
1920
• Received Honoris Causa from Tokyo Imperial
University in 1938
• He was assassinated twice, but he survived and
recovered
Sergio Osmeña Sr. (August 1, 1944 –
May 28, 1946)

• Sergio Osmeña Sr. was the

4th president of the Philippines
and the 2nd president of the
Commonwealth. He was
inaugurated on August 1, 1944,
in Washington DC. He
succeeded the presidency after
the death of then president
Manuel L. Quezon. During his
administration, the Philippines
joined the International
Monetary Fund.
Contributions and Achievements of Sergio
Osmena:

• Sergio Osmeña was the first Visayan to become president, born

in Cebu City
• He joined with U.S. Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20,
1944, to begin restoration of Philippine freedom after Japanese
occupation
• Founder of the Nacionalista Party
• Philippine National Bank was rehabilitated, and the country joined
the International Monetary Fund during his presidency
• The U.S. Congress approved the Bell Trade Act during his
presidency
Contributions and Achievements of Sergio
Osmena:

• He was 2nd placer in the 1903 Philippine Bar Exam

• Founder and Editor of a Spanish newspaper, El Nuevo
Dia, in Cebu City
• Had Bachelor of Arts from Colegio de San Juan de Letran
(1894)
• Had Bachelor of Law from the University of Santo Tomas
(1903)
• Featured in the 50-peso bill, First Philippine Assembly,
Leyte Landing
Manuel A. Roxas (May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948)

• Manuel Roxas was the

5th president of the Philippines,
the 3rd (and last) president
under the Commonwealth, and
the first president of the Third
Republic of the Philippines. He
was inaugurated on May 28,
1946, at the National Museum
building. He held office for only
one year, 10 months, and 18
days.
Contributions and Achievements of Manuel
Roxas:

• Manuel Roxas was inaugurated as the first president of the New

Republic after World War II
• Reconstruction from war damage and life without foreign
rule began during his presidency
• Congress accepted the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and
Philippine Trade Act laws under his term
• Ranked 1st Place in the Philippine Bar Exam (1913)
• Featured in the 100-peso bill, Old Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
building in Intramuros, Manila, Inauguration of the Third Philippine
Republic
Elpidio R. Quirino (April 17, 1948 –
December 30, 1953)

• Elpidio Quirino was the

6th president of the Philippines
and the 2nd president of the
Third Republic. He succeeded
presidency after incumbent
president Manuel Roxas died in
1948. Quirino was 57 years old
when he was inaugurated as
president on April 17, 1948, at
the Malacañang Palace.
Contributions and Achievements of
Elpidio Quirino:
• Hukbalahap Guerrilla movement was active during his presidency
• He created the Social Security Commission
• He created the Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption
• During his term, Quezon City became capital of the Philippines in
1948
• Completed Bachelor of Law at the University of the Philippines in
1915
• Dean of the College of Law at the Adamson University (1941-
1946)
• Ranked 2nd placer in the Philippine Bar Exam in 1915
Ramon Magsaysay Sr. (December 30,
1953 – March 17, 1957)

• Ramon Magsaysay was the

7th president of the Philippines
and the 3rd president of the
Third Republic. He was the first
president who sworn into the
office wearing Barong
Tagalog during the
inauguration. He died in an
aircraft disaster while boarding
the presidential plane.
Contributions and Achievements of
Ramon Magsaysay:

• He led to defeat the Hukbalahap movement

• Chairman of the Committee on Guerrilla Affairs
• His presidency was referred to as the Philippines’ “Golden Years”
for its lack of corruption
• The Philippines was ranked second in Asia’s clean and well-
governed countries during his presidency
• He established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation
Administration (NARRA) among other agrarian reforms
• He made the Philippine a member of the Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization
Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 –
December 30, 1961)

• Carlos P. Garcia is the

8th president of the Philippines and
fourth president of the Third
Republic. This Bohol native was a
lawyer, poet, and professor and
served as a guerrilla leader during
the Pacific War. Garcia served as
vice president under Ramon
Magsaysay and as secretary of
Foreign Affairs for four years. He
became president when
Magsaysay died in a plane crash
in 1957.
Contributions and Achievements of
Carlos P. Garcia:

• Carlos P. Garcia was known for promoting “Filipino First Policy,”

which favored Filipino businesses over foreign investors
• He established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and
commerce
• He became a famous poet and known as the “Prince of Visayan
Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol.”
• Cultural arts was revived during his term
• He was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan
ng mga Bayani
• He achieved 7th placer in the Philippine Bar Exam in 1923
Diosdado P. Macapagal (December
30, 1961 – December 30, 1965)

• Diosdado P. Macapagal was the

9th president of the Philippines.
He was a lawyer and
economist, born in Lubao,
Pampanga. He was inaugurated
on December 30, 1961, at the
Quirino Grandstand. His
daughter, Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo, followed his path and
became president, too.
Contributions and Achievements of
Diosdado Macapagal:

• Topped the Bar Exam, 1st place in 1936

• Took a Master of Law in 1941 and Doctor of Civil Law in
1947, and a Ph.D. in Economics in 1957
• Diosdado Macapagal was a great economist, he
established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the
purchase of private farmland to be distributed in
inexpensive, small lots to the landless
• He placed the Philippine peso on the free currency
exchange market and encouraged exports
Contributions and Achievements of
Diosdado Macapagal:

• The Philippine representative to the United Nations

General Assembly three times
• He signed the Minimum Wage Law
• Diosdado Macapagal signed the law to create
the Philippine Veteran’s Bank
• Featured in the 200-peso bill
Ferdinand E. Marcos (December 30,
1965 – February 25, 1986)

• Ferdinand Marcos was the

tenth president of the
Philippines and the last
president of the Third Republic.
He was one of the most
controversial leaders of the
20th century. He ruled the
Philippines for 21 years and
was removed from office after
the People Power Revolution.
Contributions and Achievements of
Ferdinand Marcos:

• The first president to win a second term

• The longest-ruling president of the Philippines, he ruled for 21
years
• He declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972
• He increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces
• By 1980, the Philippine GNP was four times greater than 1972
• Marcos built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other
infrastructure than all former presidents combined
Contributions and Achievements of
Ferdinand Marcos:

• He topped 1st place in the Bar Exam in 1939

• The only president whose remains were interred inside a
refrigerated crypt
Corazon C. Aquino (February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992)

• Corazon Aquino was the first

woman president of the
Philippines and the first woman
to become president of an
Asian country. She was the
11th president and a democracy
icon, one of the 100 Women
Who Shaped World History and
20 Most Influential Asians of
the 20th Century.
Contributions and Achievements of
Corazon Aquino:

• The first woman to be president of the Philippines or any Asian

country
• She signed the Family Code of 1987, a major civil law reform,
and 1191 Local Government Code, which reorganized the
structure of the executive branch of government
• She initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the
needy
• Was named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by TIME magazine
• She was featured on the new 500-peso bill together with her
husband, Benigno Aquino Jr.
Contributions and Achievements of
Corazon Aquino:

• Among the 100 Women Who Shaped World History

• One of the 20 Most Influential Asians of the
20th Century
• One of TIME Magazine’s 65 Asian Heroes
• Received Honorary Doctorates from international
universities including Boston University, Eastern
University in Pennsylvania, Fordham University in New
York, Waseda University in Tokyo
Fidel V. Ramos (June 30, 1992 – June
30, 1998)

• Fidel Ramos is the

12th president of the
Philippines and the oldest
living former presidents of
the country. FVR is now 92
years old. He’s one of the
most admired presidents
because, during his
presidency, he restored
economic growth and
stability in the country.
Contributions and Achievements of
Fidel V. Ramos:

• FVR was widely credited as the most effective president because

he led the Philippines to economic growth
• He promoted family-planning practices to help to solve the
country’s growing population
• Hosted the 4th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Leader’s
Summit in the Philippines in 1996
• He presided over celebrations of Philippine
Independence Centennial in 1998
• Ramos reached out peace talks with the rebels such as the Moro
National Liberation Front and New People’s Army
Contributions and Achievements of
Fidel V. Ramos:

• FVR received British Knighthood from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

(Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George)
• The Philippine Stock Exchange became an international favorite during
his presidency
• Ranked 8th Place in the Philippine Civil Engineering Licensure
Exam (1953)
• The death penalty was reinstated while he was in office
• FVR is the only military officer who reached the rank of five-star
general/admiral de jure who rose from second lieutenant up to
commander-in-chief of the armed forces
• Has 29 Honorary Doctorate Degrees
Joseph E. Estrada (June 30, 1998 –
January 20, 2001)

• Joseph Estrada is the

13th president of the Philippines
and the first film actor to
become a president in the
country. During his years in
office, economic growth was
slow, and he faced
impeachment proceedings. He
became the first president in
Asia to be impeached from an
executive role. He was ousted
from the presidency in 2001.
Contributions and Achievements of
Joseph Estrada:

• He starred in over 100 films in the Philippines and

received numerous Best Actor awards
• Moro Islamic Liberation Front headquarters and camps
were captured during his presidency
• Cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989
• He became a Mayor of the City of Manila, the county’s
capital
• He won every mayor election in San Juan from 1969 to
1984
Contributions and Achievements of
Joseph Estrada:

• Erap was among the “Magnificent 12” who voted to

terminate the agreement that allows for U.S. control of
Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base
• He was credited with the passage of, among other pieces
of legislation, the bills on irrigation project and the
protection of carabaos
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (January 20,
2001 – June 30, 2010)
• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is the
14th president of the Philippines, the
2nd female president, and the first Filipino
president whose parent was a former
president. She’s also an economist like
her father, ex-president Diosdado
Macapagal. Having a master’s degree
and doctorate in economics, Gloria put
the Philippine economy back in shape.
• Annual economic growth in the Philippines
averaged 4.5% during her administration,
expanding every quarter of her
presidency. That is higher than in the
administrations of her three immediate
predecessors. The peso strengthened by
nearly 20% in making it the best-
performing currency of the year in 2007.
Contributions and Achievements of
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo:
• Second female president of the country
• First president to take oath outside Luzon
• Gloria Arroyo oversaw higher economic growth than the past
three presidents before her
• Philippine Peso became the best-performing currency of the
year in Asia in 2007 during her term
• eVAT Law was implemented under her term
• She supported to bring back Spanish language in the Philippines
during her 9-year presidency
• She took up International Trade at Georgetown University in
Washington D.C. with Bill Clinton
Contributions and Achievements of
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo:

• Graduated Magna Cum Laude from Assumption College in 1968

• Arroyo earned a Master’s Degree in Economics from Ateneo de Manila
University in 1978
• Obtained Doctorate in Economics from the University of the
Philippines in 1986
• Numerous Honorary Degrees granted by prominent international universities
• TIME Magazine’s People Who Mattered list for 2005
• Forbes 100 Most Powerful Women in the World (2004 – 2009)
• Currently featured on the 200-peso bill
Benigno Aquino III (June 30, 2010 –
June 30, 2016)

• Benigno Aquino III was the

15th president of the
Philippines. He was the first
bachelor president. A son of ex-
president Corazon Aquino, he
was also called as Noynoy or
PNoy. Noynoy finished his
Economics degree from Ateneo
de Manila University. He was
one of the students of a former
economics professor, Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo, the
president before him.
Contributions and Achievements of
Benigno Aquino III:

• He created the no “wang-wang” (street siren) policy

• Noynoy initiated shifting to K-12 education in the
Philippines
• Peace agreement with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
in October 2012
• Oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012
• TIME named him one of the 100 Most Influential People
in the World in 2013
Rodrigo Roa Duterte (June 30, 2016 –
present)

• Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the

16th president of the
Philippines. He’s one of the
most loved presidents. He’s
earned a massive fanbase after
transforming one of the most
dangerous cities (Davao) into
one of the world’s safest when
he was a mayor. At age 71, he
became the oldest Filipino ever
elected to the presidency.
Contributions and Achievements of
Rodrigo Roa Duterte:

• He earned Political Science Degree from Lyceum of the

Philippines in 1968
• Obtained Law Degree from San Beda College in 1972
• He initiated decongesting the Ninoy Aquino
International Airport in Manila, the country’s main
gateway
• Signed the Freedom of Information Order
• Duterte launched a 24-hour complaint hotline, 8888
• He signed an order for Smoking Ban in public places
Contributions and Achievements of
Rodrigo Roa Duterte:

• Boracay Island was rehabilitated during his term

• Launched the Build! Build! Build! Infrastructure
Program
• Duterte signed the TRAIN Law and Comprehensive Tax
Reform Program
• One of Forbes list of World’s Most Powerful People in
2016
• Duterte has been featured on the cover of TIME
Magazine
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING 🥰❤️
GROUP REPORT BY :
1.DE GUZMAN, RAVEN
2.IBASCO, BIEN CARLO
3.LANGBAYAN, JON-JON
4.MAGAWAY, ALDRICH
5.MIRADOR, AIZA MAE
6.PALABAY, ROMEL V.
7.SENDIN, JERICHO
8.YNOT, VINCE ANTHONY