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  • 3.2 Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein

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    Alvin Jovan
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    Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the three main organic compounds found in living organisms. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch. Lipids are fatty acids that serve important functions as energy stores and providing insulation. Proteins are made of amino acids. In animals, glucose provides energy, lactose is the sugar in milk, and glycogen stores energy in the liver and muscles. In plants, fructose is used to make fruit, sucrose transports energy, and cellulose provides structure to cell walls. Carbohydrates and lipids both function as long-term energy stores, with lipids storing more energy per gram but being more difficult to transport and

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    Bio chapter 3.2

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    Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the three main organic compounds found in living organisms. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch. Lipids are fatty acids that serve important functions as energy stores and providing insulation. Proteins are made of amino acids. In animals, glucose provides energy, lactose is the sugar in milk, and glycogen stores energy in the liver and muscles. In plants, fructose is used to make fruit, sucrose transports energy, and cellulose provides structure to cell walls. Carbohydrates and lipids both function as long-term energy stores, with lipids storing more energy per gram but being more difficult to transport and

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    27 views13 pages

    3.2 Carbohydrate, Lipid, Protein

    Uploaded by

    Alvin Jovan
    Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the three main organic compounds found in living organisms. Carbohydrates include monosaccharides like glucose, disaccharides like sucrose, and polysaccharides like starch. Lipids are fatty acids that serve important functions as energy stores and providing insulation. Proteins are made of amino acids. In animals, glucose provides energy, lactose is the sugar in milk, and glycogen stores energy in the liver and muscles. In plants, fructose is used to make fruit, sucrose transports energy, and cellulose provides structure to cell walls. Carbohydrates and lipids both function as long-term energy stores, with lipids storing more energy per gram but being more difficult to transport and

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    of 13

    3.

    2 Carbohydrates, lipids and


    proteins
    3.2.1 Distinguish between organic and
    inorganic compound
    • The three commonest chemical elements of life
    are: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • Living organisms contain many chemical
    compound (organic and inorganic compound)
    • Organic compounds are defined as compounds
    containing carbon that are found in living
    organisms, except carbon dioxide(CO2),
    carbonates(CO3-2) and Hydrogen
    carbonates(HCO3-1) = inorganic.
    3.2.2 Diagram/structure of amino acid,
    glucose, ribose and fatty acid.
    • Fatty acid:

    HOOC-(CH2)n-CH3
    3.2.3 List 3 examples of
    • Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose

    • Disaccharides:
    Maltose: glucose + glucose
    Lactose : glucose + galactose
    Sucrose : glucose + fructose

    • Polysaccharides: starch, glycogen, cellulose

    glucose
    3.2.4 function of glucose, lactose, glycogen in animals/
    fructose, sucrose, cellulose in plants

    Function of glucose: in animal: energy source,


    Lactose: sugar in milk, provides energy
    Glycogen: energy storage (short term) in liver and
    muscle
    In plant: fructose is for making fruits
    Sucrose: carried by plant for source of energy
    Cellulose in plant: make strong fiber to construct the
    plant cell wall.
    Function of lipid: energy source, energy storage, heat
    insulation, buoyancy ( help animal to float)
    Function carbohydrate In Animals and
    plants
    • 1. Animals:
    • Glucose: broken down in respiration to release
    energy
    • Lactose: sugar in milk produced by mammals
    • Glycogen: energy store in liver and skeletal muscle
    • 2. Plants
    • Fructose: energy source (to make fruit) and
    component of sucrose
    • Sucrose: unreactive and so transported around the
    plant
    • Cellulose: main component of cell wall
    3.2.5 condensation and hydrolysis
    Condensation: two molecules are joined together to form a
    larger molecule. Water is also formed in the reaction

    Hydrolysis: Large molecules such as polysaccharide and


    triglyceride can be broken down into smaller molecules by
    hydrolysis reaction. Water molecules are used up in
    hydrolysys reactions.
    3.2.6/7 Three functional of lipid
    Functions of lipids:
    1. Energy storage: in the form of fat in animal & oil in plant
    2. Heat insulation: a layer of fat under the skin reduces heat loss
    3. Buoyancy: lipid are less dense than water so help animal to float
    The use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage.
    Advantages of Lipids Advantages of carbohydrates
    1. Lipids contain more energy per gram 1. Carbohydrates are more easily
    than carbohydrates so stores of lipid digested than lipids so the energy
    are lighter than stores of carbohydrate stored by them can be released more
    that contain the same amount of rapidly. 17 KJ / g
    energy. 38 KJ / g
    2. Lipids are insoluble in water, so they 2. Carbohydrates are soluble in water
    do not cause problems with osmosis in so are easier to transport to and from
    cells the store.
    3.Metabolic pathways to build up and 3.Easily broken down to release
    break down more complex and energy quickly. Easily built up for
    therefore slower storage.

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