RAILWAY & AIRPORT

ENGINEERING

UNIT – 3 to 5

SIRAM VENKAT RAMANA

 AVIATION HISTORY OF INDIA
The world’s first airmail service was started in India at Allahabad; on 18th Feb 1911 the
occasion of Kumbh mela. This in turn led the beginning of civil aviation in India. On the
special day Henry Piquet carried 6500 mails on a Humber biplane from Allahabad to Naini,
covering almost a distance of 10km
The first International flight to and from India was introduced in December 1912 over the
route, London-Karachi-Delhi with the collaboration of Indian state air services and UK based
imperial airways.
Regular airmail services were started by Tata Sons Ltd, between Karachi and Madrasand.
On 24th Jan 1920 Royal airforce started regular airmail services between Karachi and Bombay.
Construction of airports in India started at Dum Dum in Calcutta, Bamrauli in Allahabad
and Gillbert hill of Bombay in 1924.
Separate Department of civil aviation was set up in April 1927.Also, Aero club of India was
established the same year.
JRD Tata became the first person to be awarded with pilot license by
Aeronautique International on behalf of Aero club of India and Burma in Feb 1929.
Tata Airlines became a division of Tata Sons Limited in 1932.It started Air Mail services on
the Karachi, Ahmedabad, Bombay, Bellary, Madras routes on 15 October.
 AVIATION HISTORY OF INDIA
In 1945 the Deccan Airways was founded – jointly owned by the Nizam of Hyderabad
and Tata. Its first flight began in July 1946. 
In 1946 ‘Air India’ came into being when Tata Airlines changed its name to Air India.
At present India holds the 9th largest aviation market in the world with 137 operational
airports, 735 aircraft. The number of air passengers travelling in India is expected to cross 50
million this year(2022).
There are 34 operational International Airports in India. Of which Indira Gandhi
International Airport is the largest International airport constructed in 5495 acres. It is also
the busiest airport in India followed by the Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport.
 Cochin International Airport, Kerala is the first international airport in India developed
under PPP- Public-Private Partnership Model.
Calicut International Airport, Kerala is recently added to the list of International Airports
in India. 
Juhu Aerodrome, Mumbai is the first and oldest Airport in India founded in 1928.
Airport of Trichy is the smallest airport in India.
Kushok Bakula Rimpochee, Ladhak is the 23rd highest commercial airport in the world at
3256 meters elevation.
AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA

The Airport Authority of India is the body

that manages both the International Airports in
India as well as the Domestic Airports in India. 
Airports Authority of India (AAI) manages a
total of 137 Airports, which includes 103
Domestic Airports, 24 International Airports,
and 10 Customs Airports. AAI is responsible
for creating, maintaining,  upgrading, and
managing civil aviation infrastructure in India
and works under the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
OBJECTIVES OF CIVIL AVIATION MINISTRY
MAJOR INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS IN INDIA
DOMESTIC AIRPORTS IN INDIA
 COMPONENTS OF AIRPORT
 Runway
 Taxiway
 Apron
 Terminal building
 Control tower
 Hanger
 Parking
 Hanger Apron
Control Tower

Terminal Building Taxiway

 COMPONENTS OF AIRPORT

Runway is a paved land strip on which

landing and takeoff operations of aircrafts
takes place. It is in leveled position without
any obstructions on it.
COMPONENTS OF AIRPORT
COMPONENTS OF AIRPORT
 COMPONENTS OF AIRPORT
 Hanger
 Hangars are buildings in which airplanes are repaired or serviced . Most airlines
have their own hangars, in which they can park many jets at the same time.
 Most hangars are far away from terminals and runways so that they do not
interfere with airport traffic.
 Taxiway connects the hanger with runway so, when a repair needed for an
aircraft it can be moved to hanger easily.
AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS
 WIND ROSE DIAGRAMS
WIND ROSE:
The wind data direction, duration and intensity are graphically represented by a diagram
called wind rose.
The wind data should usually be collected for a period of at least 5 years and preferably
of 10 years so as to obtain an average data with sufficient accuracy.
Wind rose plays a key role in deciding the orientation of runway of Airport.
Wind rose diagrams can be plotted in two types
1. showing direction and duration of wind. (TYPE-I)
2. Showing direction duration and intensity of wind. (TYPE-II)
 WIND ROSE DIAGRAMS TYPE-I
WIND ROSE DIAGRAM TYPE-I:
Wind rose diagram can be plotted by type-I, showing direction and duration of wind.
In the wind rose diagram plotted by type-I, the radial lines represents the wind direction
and each concentric circle indicate the duration of wind to certain scale.
Total percentage of wind blowing in north is taken from the collected value of wind data
and this point is marked along north direction.
The best direction of runway is shown along the direction of the longest line on the wind
rose diagram.
 WIND ROSE DIAGRAM TYPE-II
WIND ROSE DIAGRAM TYPE-II:
Wind rose diagram can be plotted by type-II, showing Direction, Duration and intensity
of wind.
Each circle represents the wind intensity to some scale. The values entered in each
segment represent the percentage of time in a year during which the wind having a
particular intensity blows from the respective direction.