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Pharma Cog Nosy - Definition
Pharma Cog Nosy - Definition
Pharmacognosy
– Botany
– Ethnobotany
– Marine biology
– Microbiology
– Herbal medicine
– Chemistry (phytochemistry)
– Pharmacology
– Pharmaceutics
Used by
• Public analysts, forensic sciences, quality-control scientists
• 1805 morphine
• 1817 emetine
• 1819 strychnine
• 1820 quinine
Anticholinergic
syndrome:
• Hot as hell
• Blind as a bat
• Red as a beet
• Dry as a bone
• Mad as a hatter
• Examples:
Diacetylmorphine (heroin):
OH group -> O-O-diacetyl. Still addictive?
Codeine:
Methylate hydroxyl phenolic; O-Me. 1/5 analgesic
capacity of morphine, useful to suppress cough reflex
Dihydromorphinone:
Reduced =, oxidised 2y alc. Potential analgesic.
Dextromethorphan:
Good against cough reflex
Pentazocin Pethidine
Phenazocine Methadone
• As a powder or extract
» Anticancer - NCI
» Antimicrobial
» Antiviral
» Antimalarial
» Insecticidal
» Hypoglycaemic
» Cardiotonic
» Antiprotozoal
» Antifertility - WHO
• Westernization of societies
(‘traditional’ knowledge)
• Extermination of species
» conservation, retain gene pools