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Pembelajar Dewasa Dan Mandiri
Pembelajar Dewasa Dan Mandiri
Sus Budiharto
Blok Introduksi (1.1), 18 September 2012, 19 September 20131
PEMBELAJAR DEWASA /ADULT LEARNING
(ANDRAGOGY)
Asumsi dasar bahwa ORANG DEWASA/Adults …
1. Senantiasa ingin tahu mengapa mempelajari sesuatu (Need to Know the
reason for learning something)
2. Menjadikan pengalaman sbg dasar proses belajar (Experience (including
error) provides the basis for learning activities /Foundation).
3. Ingin bertanggung jawab terhadap keputusannya dalam belajar (need to
be responsible for their decisions on education; involvement in the
planning and evaluation of their instruction / Self-concept).
4. Sangat tertarik mempelajari sesuatu yang memiliki relevansi langsung
dengan pekerjaan/ kehidupan pribadi (are most interested in learning
subjects having immediate relevance to their work and/or personal lives
/Readiness).
5. Belajar dengan lebih berorientasi memecahkan masalah daripada
memahami materi (learning is problem-centered rather than content-
oriented (Orientation).
6. Termotivasi dengan penghargaan intrinsik daripada ekstrinsik (respond
better to internal versus external motivators (Motivation) 2
(Knowles, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andragogy )
Learning Characteristics of..
(http://online.rit.edu/faculty/teaching_strategies/adult_learners.cfm)
• Results-oriented; have specific results in mind for • Future-oriented; youth education is often
education - will drop out if education does not a mandatory or an expected activity in a
lead to those results because their participation is youth's life and designed for the youth's
usually voluntary future
• Self-directed; typically not dependent on others • Often depend on adults for direction
for direction
• Often skeptical about new information; prefer to • Likely to accept new information without
try it out before accepting it trying it out or seriously questioning it
• Seek education that relates or applies directly to • Seek education that prepares them for an
their perceived needs, that is timely and often unclear future; accept postponed
appropriate for their current lives application of what is being learned
• Accept responsibility for their own learning if • Depend on others to design their learning;
learning is perceived as timely and appropriate reluctant to accept responsibility for their
own le 3
KARAKTERISTIK BELAJAR ORANG DEWASA
(Hartati, 2005)
6
HUKUM/ PRINSIP BELAJAR
(PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING)
HUKUM AKIBAT (The Law Of Effect)
Tindakan yang berakibat menyenangkan akan dipelajari
Tindakan yang berakibat tak menyenangkan tak akan dipelajari
1. EXPERIENCING
5. APPLYING 2. PUBLISHING
4. GENERALIZING 3. PROCESSING
1. EXPERIENCING ~ activity “doing”
6. EVALUASI
pertimbangan kuantitatif-
kualitatif apakah materi dan
metode memenuhi kriteria
15
MENGAPA METODE PARTISIPATIF?
ORANG DEWASA ingin
dilibatkan dalam kegiatan belajar
dihargai sesuai dengan harkat dan martabatnya sebagai manusia
ditantang dalam belajar maupun pengembangan diri
KECENDERUNGAN MASYARAKAT
FILOSOFI HUMANISTIK: Manusia memiliki kemampuan sebagai pribadi maupun ber-
sama untuk
berkembang
mengarahkan diri
melakukan transformasi (perubahan)
KECENDERUNGAN ORGANISASI
MANAJEMEN PARTISIPATIF: melibatkan anggota dalam perencanaan maupun kepu-
tusan (pengembangan kerja tim dan empowerment)
PENELITIAN OTAK
logis dan rasional (otak kiri)
spontan dan kreatif (otak kanan)
16
OTAK MANUSIA
LOGIS HOLISTIK
ANALITIS INTUITIF
MATEMATIS KONSEPTUAL
TEKNIS SINTESIS
KIRI KANAN
TERKENDALI INTERPERSONAL
KONSERVATIF EMOSIONAL
PERENCANA ARTISTIK
ORGANISATOR SIMBOLIK
ADMINISTRATOR
BAHASA
MATEMATIKA SPASIAL
HOLISTIK
ANALITIK
BERURUTAN LIMBIK
INTUITIF
17
VERBAL NON-VERBAL
Self-Regulated Learning (SRL)
18
EFIKASI DIRI
(SELF-EFFICACY)
19