FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Oily water sump

Tuesday 16th July 2019 1

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD - OVERVIEW
1. Under AISC 360-05 there are 40 commands.

- AISC 360-10

2. 39 commands from 360-05 but AXIS is absent, FLX and TORSION is added. Hence, 41
in total.

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1) AXIS
1. AXIS=1 , Single Angle is designed for bending about their Principal Axes.(Sec.H2_360-
05)
2. AXIS=2 , Single angle is designed for bending about their Geometric Axes.(For
Deflection)

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2)FLX (Torsional Bucking restraint for angles)

- FLX=1 , Single angle member is not fully braced against lateral torsional buckling.

- FLX=2 , Single angle member is fully braced against lateral torsional buckling.

- FLX=3 , Single angle member is braced against LTB at point of maximum moment.

According to AISC 360-05 Sec F10 ,

- If angle is fully braced against LTB, then Mn = 1.5My hence designed on basis of Geometric axes.

- If not ,Nominal flexural strength of angle (Mn) is calculated from yield moment (My) and elastic
lateral torsional buckling (Me). Provision is allowing both geometric and principal axes.

- Least Mn obtained from following Me equations is taken for the design,

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 FLX=1 FLX=3

Geometric axis: Geometric axis:

F 10-4a, 1.25 x F 10-4a,
F 10-4b, 1.25 x F 10-4b,
Me = Me =
Principal axis: Principal axis:
F 10-5, F 10-5,
F 10-6. F 10-6.

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NOTE:
- AXIS parameter is present in AISC 360-05 at STAAD.Pro

- FLX parameter is present in AISC 360-10 at STAAD.Pro , both are not

available in same provision.

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3)LEG (for unequal angles)
1. LEG=0 , angle is connected by Longer leg.

2. LEG=1 , angle is connected by shorter leg.

According to AISC 360-05 Sec E5 ,

- The Slenderness of angle depends upon the leg connected at both end either connected by
Longer leg or shorter one.

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4)DJ1 ,DJ2 & DFF
L1 L2

d
 L=L1+L2

Dff (Deflection length/actual local deflection)= L / d

DFF (Deflection length/allowable local deflection)= 240 (in our case)

Dff/DFF= UC ratio shown in STAAD from 0-1

- DJ1 is defining start node of a deflecting member

- DJ2 is defining end node of a deflecting member

4)CAN
- CAN=0 (default), Actual deflection is calculated locally.

- CAN=1, Actual deflection is calculation is based on cantilever style deflection i.e., based on
nodal displacement.

x1 x2

y2

- Actual deflection for 2D frame = SQRT((x1-x2)2+(y1-y2)2)

- Actual deflection for 3D frame = SQRT((x1-x2)2+(y1-y2)2+(z1-z2)2)

5)NSF (Net section factor) SLF (Shear lag factor)
- As per AISC 360-05 , Sect_D3

NET Area = NSF x Gross Area

Effective net area = SLF x NET Area

5)SNU & CSP ( For built-up compression members)
- As per AISC 360-05 , Sect_E6

• SNU=0 ,Connectors are Welded or pretension bolted(E6-2)

• SNU=1 (Default) ,Connectors are Snug-tight bolted(E6-1)

- CSP(Connector spacing) is ‘a’ distance and by default it is taken as 12 inch (304.5mm) by STAAD.
6)LY and LZ

- LY and LZ is length to calculate slenderness ratio for buckling about local Y-axis and Local Z-axis
respectively.

7)KY and KZ

- KY is effective length factor to calculate slenderness ratio for buckling about local Y-axis ,Usually
this will be minor axis.

- KZ is effective length factor to calculate slenderness ratio for buckling about local Z-axis ,Usually
this will be major axis.
8)KX and LX

- LX is Length for calculating Flexural-torsional Buckling.

- KX is Effective factor to calculate Flexural-torsional Buckling.

- For the design of a single angle for flexure, the parameter LX should be used to specify the value
of the term “L” in equations F10-4a, F10-4b, F10-5 and F10-6 of AISC 360-05 and the term "Lb" in
equations F10-4, F10-5, F10-6a, and F10-6b of AISC 360-10.
9)UNT,UNB and CB

- UNT is Unsupported length of the top flange for calculating flexural strength. Will be used only if
compression is in the top flange.

- UNB is Unsupported length of the bottom flange for calculating flexural strength. Will be used only
if compression is in the bottom flange.

- Cb is lateral-torsional buckling modification factor for Non-uniform moment diagrams.

As per AISC 360-05 , Sec_F2,

- UNT and UNB represents ‘Lb’ which is length between the points that are braced against lateral
displacement of compression flange or braced against twist of the cross-section.
10) METHOD and PROFILE
- METHOD is used to specify LRFD or ASD methods(By default LRFD).

- PROFILE parameter is used to select and design for particular profile of a member in STAAD.

11) RATIO and TRACK

- RATIO is Permissible ratio of actual load to allowable strength.

- TRACK specifies the amount of detail included in design output,

• TRACK=0 (Default) ,Member capacities is not printed in output

• TRACK=1,Member capacities are printed
• TRACK=2, Full design details are printed
12) MAIN & TMAIN
- Allowable Slenderness limit for Compression members is MAIN(Default=200).

- Allowable Slenderness limit for tension members is TMAIN(Default=300)

13) FU & FYLD

- FU is Ultimate strength of steel (Default = 400MPa)

- FYLD is Yield strength of steel (Default = 250 MPa)

14) BEAM
- 0.0 = design at start and end nodes and those locations specified by the SECTION command.

- 1.0 = design at 13 evenly spaced points (i.e., 1/12thpoints) along member length, including start
and end node.

15) Dmax and Dmin

- Maximum allowable depth for member selection is Dmax (1000 mm default).

- Minimum allowable depth for member selection is Dmin (0.0 mm default).

16) STP
- Section Type to determine Fr (compression residual stress in flange)

1.0 = Rolled section (Fr = 10 ksi)

2.0 = Welded section (Fr= 16.5 ksi)

17) STIFF
- Spacing of stiffeners for plate girder design.
18) INT
- Directs the program which interaction equations to check per section H1 (AISC 360-05):

• 0- Checks both H1.1 and H1.3 and reports the lower ratio as critical (Default)
• 1- Check both H1.1 and H1.3 and reports the higher ratio as critical
• 2- Always checks per H1.1 even when H1.3 may be applicable
• 3- Checks H1.3 in lieu of H1.1 when applicable
18) WTYP
- Weld type for HSS per Sect. B3.12 (AISC 360-05) or Sect. B4.12 (AISC 360-10):

0 = Electric resistance welding (Default)

1 = Submerged arc welding
19) TND
- Torsion Boundary condition, As per Design guide -9 ;
• 0 (Default)=Program calculated
• 1= Fixed – Fixed
• 2= Fixed – Pinned
• 3= Fixed – Free
• 4= Pinned – Pinned
• 5= Pinned – Free

- Available in Both 360-05 & 360-10 at STAAD.

20) TORSION
- 360-10 only) Specifies design for torsion per AISC Design Guide 9.

• 0 (Default) = Do not perform torsion checks

• 1 = Perform torsion checks
 21) Seismic Provision AISC 341-05 (SEISMIC, MTYP,
BRC and FRM)

- These Parameters are applicable only when there is a requirement of AISC 341-05 .

- When Seismic response modification coefficient (R) is greater than 3.AISC 341-05 is used.

1) SEISMIC Specifies whether the seismic provisions according to 341-05/10 should be checked:

0 = Do not check seismic provisions(Default)

1 = Check seismic provisions

1) MTYP Specifies whether the member is a beam or column. Used for seismic provisions checks.

1 = Beam (Default)
2 = Column

2) BRC Specifies the bracing type for the member used for seismic provision checks:

1 = Relative bracing (Default)

2 = Nodal bracing

3) FRM Specifies the seismic force-resisting system used in seismic provision checks:

0 = Ordinary Moment Frame (OMF) (Default)

1 = Intermediate Moment Frame (IMF)
2 = Special Moment Frame (SMF)
THE END