UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE

ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER
SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering
SUBJECT NAME: MICOPROCESSOR & INTERFACING
SUBJECT CODE : CST-252
By
Dr. Mamta Arora
TOPIC NAME: Registers
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
 COURSE OBJECTIVES

S. No. Objectives

To understand the concept of the data structures and

1 operations on them.

To apply different data structures for modeling real world

2 problems.

To provide basic data structure concepts in an object-oriented

setting for design, implementation, testing and maintenance of
3 software systems.
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/education/k12/the-
journey-inside/explore-the-curriculum/microprocessors.html

2
 COURSE OUTCOMES
CO
Title Level
Number
To understand the basic concepts of Microprocessor
based computer system.
CO1 Understand

To identify detailed software & hardware structure

CO2 of the Microprocessor. Identify

To classify the instruction set of microprocessor and

CO3 apply it in assembly language programming Apply
https://petnitro.weebly.com/
To analyse and develop assembly language
programs for target microprocessor. blog/memory-interfacing-in-8085-
CO4 Analyse microprocessor-pdf
To evaluate and Design the application specific
programming models with microprocessor
CO5 Evaluate
3
 IMPORTANCE OF COURSE

• Microprocessor is an important part of

a computer architecture without which
you will not be able to perform anything
on your computer.
• Microprocessor is a digital device on a
chip which can fetch instruction from
memory, decode and execute them and
give results. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-
microprocessor/#:~:text=A%20Microprocessor%20is
%20an%20important,it%20and%20produce
%20desired%20output.

4
Registers
• Accumulator or A register is an 8-bit register used for arithmetic,
logic, I/O and load/store operations.
• Flag Register has five 1-bit flags.
• Sign - set if the most significant bit of the result is set.
• Zero - set if the result is zero.
• Auxiliary carry - set if there was a carry out from bit 3 to bit 4 of the
result.
• Parity - set if the parity (the number of set bits in the result) is even.

5
Registers (cont..)
• Carry - set if there was a carry during addition, or borrow during
subtraction/comparison/rotation.
• General Registers :
 8-bit B and 8-bit C registers can be used as one 16-bit BC register
pair. When used as a pair the C register contains low-order byte.
Some instructions may use BC register as a data pointer.
8-bit D and 8-bit E registers can be used as one 16-bit DE register pair.
When used as a pair the E register contains low-order byte. Some
instructions may use DE register as a data pointer.

6
Registers (cont..)
• 8-bit H and 8-bit L registers can be used as one 16-bit HL register pair.
When used as a pair the L register contains low-order byte. HL
register usually contains a data pointer used to reference memory
addresses. In the instructions M refers HL pair.
• Stack pointer is a 16 bit register, points to the top of the stack. This
register is always decremented/incremented by 2 during push and
pop instructions.
• Program counter is a 16-bit register, points to the next instruction to
be executed.

7
Flags register

9
 Example 1:
• Let us consider the execution of the instruction ADD B. ADD is the mnemonic for addition. The
first operand is known to exist in the accumulator (Reg. A). Register B contains the second
operand. The meaning of the instruction is add the contents of the B register to the contents of A
register and store the result back in the accumulator (A). Symbolically we can write, (A) (A) +
(B)

9
 Stack Pointer (SP)
• The stack is a storage area of the processor. It consists of number of sequential
and RWM locations in which microprocessor saves the internal register contents
during subroutine calls and interrupts so that they will not be changed or
destroyed by a subroutine.
• 8085A µ𝑝 can address directly 64K memory locations. This is known as directly
addressable memory space starting from the address 0000H to FFFFH. This entire
memory area is usually divided by the user into program area, data area and stack
area. It is for the user to see that program area and data area do not overlap with
that of stack memory area. The size of the stack memory area depends upon the
application.

9
Example

9
Working of 8085 microprocessor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pLlpKKky3M

Go through this link and watch the explanation for working of 8085

12
 Summary

Topic that we have discussed today is architecture of 8085.In this we discussed role
of registers, flag register and stack.

13
 Frequently asked Questions

. What do you understand by width of data bus .

. What is instruction set?
. What is program counter?

14
 References
[1] http://microprocessorforyou.blogspot.in/2012/06/addressing-modes-in-8085.html
[2] http://scanftree.com/microprocessor/Addressing-Modes-In-8085
[3] http://www.editsworld.com/8085-addressing-modes-example-instruction-size/#.WF_JKtJ97IU
[4] http://www.eazynotes.com/notes/microprocessor/slides/addressing-modes-of-8085.pdf
[5]
http://www.nptel.ac.in/courses/Webcourse-contents/IISc BANG/Microprocessors%20and%20Microco
ntrollers/
pdf/Lecture_Notes/LNm1.pdf
[6]
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=general+registers+of+8085&espv=2&biw=1517&bih=735&source
=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiWmrritI_RAhWJpY8KHZ2xDPMQ_AUIBygC#imgrc=x_oqZ-WUv
Bm1EM%3A

[8] http://www.eazynotes.com/notes/microprocessor/slides/introduction-to-microprocessors.pdf
 BOOKS
1.Jan Holler, Vlasios Tsiatsis, Catherine Mulligan, Stefan Avesand, Stamatis
Karnouskos, David Boyle, “From Machine-to-Machine to the Internet of
Things: Introduction to a New Age of Intelligence”, 1st Edition, Academic
Press, 2014.
2. Vijay Madisetti and Arshdeep Bahga, “Internet of Things (A Hands-
onApproach)”, 1st Edition, VPT, 2014
Reference Books:
1. Microprocessor Architecture, Gaonkar, Ramesh S Wiley Eastern Ltd 2002
FIFTH Programming & Applications with 8085

16
 THANK YOU
For queries
Email: mamtaarora.ece@cumail.in