Ionic

and
Covalent
Bonds
 Bellwork- Ionic & Metallic Venn Diagram

Ionic Metallic
bonding bonding

Occur between Connect Occur between

a metal and two atoms metals
a non-metal
Noble gases don’t bond!
In nature, matter takes
many forms.
The noble gases,
including helium and
neon, are
monatomic
(means they exist
as single atoms).
 ionic vs. covalent
Ionic compounds transfer electrons to form
ions, which are held together by their opposite
charges.
 ionic vs. covalent
Ionic compounds transfer electrons to form
ions, which are held together by their opposite
charges.

IONIC = transfer of electrons

COVALENT = sharing of electrons
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE

Cl
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE

Cl
Cl
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE

Cl Cl
Both get eight by sharing!
Covalent bonds occur between
two non-metals.
Non-metals need to gain
electrons in order to get eight
=THE OCTET RULE

Cl Cl
Covalent
bond

Both get eight by sharing! Cl–Cl

A molecule is a neutral group of
atoms joined together by covalent
bonds. Air contains oxygen molecules.
A diatomic molecule contains two
atoms. An oxygen molecule is a
diatomic molecule.
Using covalent
bonds, atoms can
be arranged in
different ways to
make an unlimited
variety of
molecules.
A compound composed of molecules is
called a molecular compound. Water and
carbon monoxide are molecular compounds.

Covalent bonding makes molecules

Molecular compounds tend to
have relatively lower melting
and boiling points than ionic
compounds.
They can be gases, liquids, or
solids at room temperature.
A molecular formula is the chemical
formula of a molecular compound.

A molecular formula
shows how many atoms of
each element a molecule
contains.
Ethane, a component of natural gas, is
a molecular compound. C2H6

Each ethane molecule contains

two carbon atoms and six hydrogen
atoms
Molecular Formulas

H2O
Type of # of Type of If blank-
atom is atoms is atom there is
hydrogen two is only one
oxygen
Formulas of Some Molecular Compounds
BOND = a force that holds groups
of atoms together
TO BOND = when two atoms
become held together
 A bond can be an
ionic bond or covalent
bond…

…or somewhere in between.

Let’s focus on the two extreme cases of a
completely ionic bond and a
completely covalent bond.

Then we will learn about the bonds that

are somewhere in between these two.
 IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal
 IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal
A transfer of A sharing of electrons
electrons
 IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal
A transfer of A sharing of electrons
electrons
Does not conduct
Conducts electricity electricity
when melted or
dissolved
 IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Between a metal and Between 2 non-metals
a non-metal
A transfer of A sharing of electrons
electrons
Does not conduct
Conducts electricity electricity
when melted or
dissolved
Solid, liquid or gas
Crystal solids (made of molecules)
(made of ions)
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds have Compounds have
high boiling and low boiling and
melting points melting points
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds have Compounds have
high boiling and low boiling and
melting points melting points

Many dissolve in 100% covalent

water. They do not molecules will dissolve
dissolve in oils. in oil, but not in
water.
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are Compounds are
crystal lattices distinct and separate
of positive and units called
negative ions molecules.
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are Compounds are
crystal lattices distinct and separate
of positive and units called
negative ions molecules.

Chemical formula is Chemical formula can

the formula unit (the be called a molecular
formula that formula
repeats)
IONIC BOND COVALENT BOND
Compounds are Compounds are
crystal lattices distinct and separate
of positive and units called
negative ions molecules.

Chemical formula is Chemical formula can

the formula unit (the be called a molecular
formula that formula
repeats)
Organic (biological)
Inorganic molecules are covalent
compounds are
8.1 Section Quiz.

1. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular

compounds tend to have relatively
a. low melting points and high boiling
points.

b. low melting points and low boiling

points.
c. high melting points and high boiling
points.

d. high melting points and low boiling

points.
Slide
of
18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8.1 Section Quiz.

1. Compared to ionic compounds, molecular

compounds tend to have relatively
a. low melting points and high boiling
points.

b. low melting points and low boiling

points.
c. high melting points and high boiling
points.

d. high melting points and low boiling

points.
Slide
of
18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8.1 Section Quiz

2. A molecular compound usually consists of

a. two metal atoms and a nonmetal

atom.

b. two nonmetal atoms and a metal

atom.
c. two or more metal atoms.

d. two or more nonmetal atoms.

Slide
of
18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8.1 Section Quiz

2. A molecular compound usually consists of

a. two metal atoms and a nonmetal

atom.

b. two nonmetal atoms and a metal

atom.
c. two or more metal atoms.

d. two or more nonmetal atoms.

Slide
of
18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8.1 Section Quiz

3. A molecular formula shows

a. how many atoms of each element a

molecule contains.
b. a molecule's structure.

c. which atoms are bonded together.

d. how atoms are arranged in space.

Slide
of
18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
8.1 Section Quiz

3. A molecular formula shows

a. how many atoms of each element a

molecule contains.
b. a molecule's structure.

c. which atoms are bonded together.

d. how atoms are arranged in space.

Slide
of
18
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall