An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)

Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru – 560078

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Course: Design Of Machine Elements

Course code : 19ME5DCDME
 5th  Semester
A Project on
"DESIGN
AND Under the Mentorship of 
ANALYSIS
OF A Professor Ramesha H
COMPONEN
T Professor, Department Of Mechanical
Engineering
SUBJECTED
TO STATIC  DSCE, Bengaluru – 560078, 2021-22
LOAD"
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express special gratitude to our Professor

Ramesha H, Dept. of Mechanical engineering who gave us the wonderful opportunity to do
this seminar on the topic “DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A COMPONENT SUBJECTED TO
FATIGUE LOAD”. The opportunity to participate in this seminar has helped us to improve
our research skills and we are grateful to our professor. We are extremely thankful to him
for providing such a nice guidance and support

1.Parth Agrawal    :- 1DS19ME096

2.Pawan Katiyar    :- 1DS19ME097
3.Nikhil Nayak        :- 1DS19ME094
4.Rudra Kumar      :- 1DS19ME112
          Table Of Contents

SL                               Pg.
.                             Title  no. 
No
 

1  Abstract  3 
2  Introduction  4 
3  Problem Statement  5 
4  Solution   6 
5  3D model  7-9 
6  Analysis  10-12 
7  Conclusion  13 
8  References  13 
 ABSTRACT 

All the forces in the real-world act dynamically on structures. Since

dynamic loads are extremely difficult to handle in analysis and design,
static loads are usually utilized with dynamic factors. Static loads are
especially exploited well in structural optimization where many analyses
are carried out. However, the dynamic factors are not determined
logically. Therefore, structural engineers often come up with unreliable
solutions. An analytical method based on modal analysis is proposed for
the transformation of dynamic loads into equivalent static loads (ESLs).
The ESLs are calculated to generate an identical displacement field with
that from dynamic loads at a certain time. The process is derived and
evaluated mathematically by using the modal analysis. Since the exact
solution is extremely expensive, some approximation methods are
proposed. Error analyses have been conducted for the approximation
methods. Standard examples for structural design are selected and
solved by the proposed method. Applications of the method to
structural optimization are discussed. 
 In the general design of structures, the structures are analyzed by stress
analysis. Currently, the finite element method (FEM) seems to be one
of the best choices for computational analysis. The external forces are
given to the finite element analysis as input. In most cases, static
analysis is carried out to calculate the status for failure since it is easy
to handle. However, dynamic forces are imposed in the real physics.
That is, real forces act dynamically. Transient analysis shows real and
precise phenomena of structures under dynamic loads. Some
researchers have been trying to use transient analysis in the
optimization process, which is a popular method for the automatic
INTRODUCTION design of structures. However, transient analysis is extremely
complicated and expensive. Therefore, static loads are generally
utilized in the optimization process. Structural optimization seems to
succeed for static loads with dynamic factors. The dynamic factors are
being determined by ad hoc processes. Generally, astatic load with a
dynamic factor is made in the same direction of the dynamic load. A
structure vibrates under a dynamic load. Failure conditions can happen
when the structure is deformed in the opposite direction of the
dynamic load. Therefore, the analysis by a static load with a dynamic
factor may not cover all the failure conditions. Instead, some parts of a
structure can be designed in the wrong way. Also, the dynamic factors
are not determined in a legitimate manner. A dynamic load is
transformed to an ESL set.
 PROBLEM STATEMENT 
A circular Bar of 50mm diameter fixed at one end is subjected to a torsional load of 1kNm in
addition to an axial pull of 15kN. Determine the principal stresses if the length of the shaft is
250mm.  
(Example 2.18 - DME-I by JBK Das) 

GIVEN DATA: 
• Axial Load = 15000 N  
• Torsional moment = 1000
Nm  
• Diameter = 50 mm  
• Length = 250 mm 
Hand  Written Solution
ANALYSIS 
1. Modelling of the Steel composite drive shaft using ANSYS.  
2. Static, Modal and B analysis are to be carried out on the Steel composite drive shaft using
ANSYS. 

DESIGN ANALYSIS  
Boundary conditions the finite element model of steel in Figure. One end is fixed and on the
other end an axial force. The rod also undergoes a Torsional Force. Fig. Shows boundary
conditions of Static Analysis. Here right end is fixed and an Axial Force of 15000N and
Torsional Force of 1000N is applied at left end. 

STATIC ANALYSIS 
 A static analysis is used to determine the displacements, stresses, strains and forces in structures or
components caused by loads that do not induce significant inertia and damping effects. A static analysis
can however include steady inertia loads such as gravity, spinning and time varying loads. In static
analysis loading and response conditions are assumed, that is the loads and the structure responses are
assumed to vary slowly with respect to time. The kinds of loading that can be applied in static analysis
includes, externally applied forces, moments and pressures Steady state inertial forces such as gravity
and spinning Imposed non-zero displacements. If the stress values obtained in this analysis crosses the
allowable values it will result in the failure of the structure in the static condition itself. To avoid such a
failure, this analysis is necessary
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 
 The finite element model of Steel shaft is shown in Figure. One end is fixed and axial. Fig.
shows boundary condition of static analysis. Here right end is fixed and a torque of 1000
N is applied.
Modal analysis: When an elastic system free from external forces can disturbed from its
equilibrium position and vibrate sunder the influence of inherent forces and is said to be
in the state of free vibration. It will vibrate at its natural frequency and its amplitude will
gradually become smaller with time due to energy being dissipated by motion. The main
parameters of interest in free vibration are natural frequency and the amplitude. The
natural frequencies and the mode shapes are important parameters in the design of a
structure for dynamic loading conditions. Modal analysis is used to determine the
vibration characteristics such as natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure or a
machine component while it is being designed. Modal analysis is used to determine the
natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure or a machine component. The
rotational speed is limited by lateral stability considerations. Most designs are sub critical,
i.e., rotational speed must be lower than the first natural bending frequency of the shaft.
The natural frequency depends on the diameter of the shaft, thickness of the hollow
shaft, specific stiffness and the length 
MATERIALS 
   MESHED 3D MODEL
RESULTS  
•SAFETY FACTORS 
STATIC STRUCTURE 
TOTAL DEFORMATION 
MAXIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS 
MINIMUM PRINCIPAL STRESS 
NORMAL STRESS 
 TABLE 

Object Normal Maximum Minimum Safety Total

Name  Stress  Principal Principal Factor  Deformation 
Stress  Stress 

Minimum  6.17e+006  7.6347e+006  -3.6643e+007  5.021  0. 

Maximum 1.0734e+007  4.9791e+007  -22633  15.  6.6951e-005 

 
Average  7.6427e+006  1.946e+007  -1.1768e+007  12.346  3.1753e-005 

Minimum SYS\Solid1 
occurs on 

Maximum SYS\Solid1 
Occurs on 
THANK  YOU