CRACKING

OF CRACK

HARDENED
CONCRETE
ENABLING GROUP
REASON
CRACKING IS THE
MOST COMMON
INDICATION OF THE
DISTRESS IN
CONCRETE WORKS.
REASON FOR
CRACKING CRACKING DUE
TO CORROSION CRACKING DUE
THERMAL OF TO ERRORS IN
CRACKING REINFORCEME DESIGNING AND
NT DETAILING
CRACKING DUE TO
CRACKING DUE POOR
TO CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION CRACKS DUE
REACTION PRACTICES TO
CRACKING DUE EXTERNALLY
CRACKING DUE TO
TO APPLIED LOAD
CONSTRUCTION
WEATHERING OVERKOADS
 THERMAL CRACKING
THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE WITHIN A
CONCRETE STRUCTURE RESULT IN
DIFFERENTIAL VOLUME CHANGE
WHEN THE TENSILE STRAIN DUE TO DIFFERENTIAL
VOLUMN CHANGE EXCEEDS THE TENSILE STRAIN
CAPACITY OF CONCRETE,IT WILL CRACK
THE TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIALS ASSOCIATED WITH
THE HYDRATION OF CEMENT AFFECT THE MASS
CONCRETE SUCH AS IN LARGE
 CRACKING DUE TO CHEMICAL REACTION

THE CONCRETE MAY CRACK, AS A

RESULT OF EXPANSIVE REACTIONS
BETWEEN AGGREGATE CONTAINING
ACTIVE SILICA AND ALKALIES DERIVED
FROM CEMENT HYDRATION,ADMIXTURE
OR EXTERNAL SOURCES(E.G. CURING
 CRACKING DUE TO WEATHERING

THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS THAT CAN CAUSE

CRACKING INCLUDE :
FREEZING AND THAWING

WETTING AND DRYING

HEATING AND COOLING

 CRACKING DUE TO CORROSION
OF REINFORCEMENT

THE CORROSION OF STEEL PRODUCES IRON OXIDES AND

HYDROXIDES, WHICH HAVE A VOUME MUCH GREATER THAN
THE VOLUME OF THE ORIGINAL METALLIC IRON. THIS
INCREASE IN VOLUME CAUSES HIGH RADIAL BURSTING
STRESSES AROUND REINFORCING BARS AND RESULTS IN LOCAL
RADIAL CRACKS
THIS TYPE OF CRACKS PROVIDE EASY ACCESS TO
OXYGEN,MOISTURE,AND CHLORIDE, AND THUS EVEN A
MINOR SPLIT CAN CREATE A CONDITION IN WHICH
CORROSION CONTINUES AND CAUSES FURTHER
CRACKING
 CRACKING DUE TO
POOR CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES

POOR CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES, SUCH

 AS ADDING WATER TO CONCRETE TO IMPROVE

WORKABILITY
 LACK OF CURING
 INADEQUATE FORM SUPPORT
 INADEQUATE COMPACTION
 ARBITRARY PLACEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION JOINT

CAN RESULT IN CRACKING IN CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE

 CRACKING DUE TO
CONSTRUCTION OVERLOADS
LOAD INDUCED DURING CONSTRUCTION,MAY OCCUR AT
THE EARLY AGES WHEN THE CONCRETE IS MOST
SUSCEPTIBLE TO DAMAGE AND OFTEN RESULT IN
PERMANENT CRACK.
A COMMON ERROR OCCURS WHEN THE PRECAST MEMBERS
ARE NOT PROPERLY SUPPORTED DURING TRANSPORTATION
AND ERECTION
STORAGE OF MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT CAN EASILY
RESULT IN LOADING CONDITIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION
FAR MORE SEVERE THAN ANY LOAD FOR WHICH THE
STRUCTURE DESIGNED.
 CRACKING DUE TO ERRORS IN
DESIGNING AND DETAILING

THE DESIGN AND DETAILING ERRORS THAT MAY RESULT

IN UNACCEPTABLE CRACKING INCLUDE USE OF POORLY
DETAILED RE – ENTRANT CORNERS IN WALL , PRECAST
MEMBERS AND SLABS,IMPROPER SELECTION AND/OR
DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT , RESTRAINT OF
MEMBERS SUBJECTED TO VOLUME CHANGES CAUSED BY
VARIATIONS IN TEMPRATURE AND MOISTURE,LACK OF
ADEQUATE CONTRACTION JOINTS, AND IMPROPER
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION RESULTING IN DIFFERENTIAL
 CRACKS DUE TO
EXTERNALLY APPLIED LOAD

FLEXURAL AND TENSILE

CRACK WIDTHS CAN BE
EXPECTED TO INCREASE
WITH TIME OF MEMBERS
SUBJECTED TO EITHER
SUSTAINED OR REPETITIVE
LOADING.
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