P K TECHNICAL CAMPUS

GAT NO. 714, KADACHIWADI, CHAKAN-SHIKRAPUR RD.,

TAL- KHED, DIST-PUNE CHAKAN-410501

A Presentation
ON

Experimental Study of Performance of

Conical Solar Still Using Nano fluid

By
Mr. Abhijeet Ekhande
Mr. Ravikant Jadhav
Mr. Mahadev Pawar
Ms. Ashwini Chaudhari

Guide by
Prof. Vishal Jadhav
 CONTENTS
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Problem Statement
• Objectives
• Methodology
• Literature Review
• Design
• Material Selection
• Actual setup
• Nano-fluid
• Results
• Yearly Plan of Project Activity
• Conclusion
• Future Scope
• References
 ABSTRACT
The world requirement for potable water is increasing steadily with growing
population. Desalination of Water using solar energy is suitable for potable water
production from brackish and seawater. Many researches and development works tried
to enhance the productivity of solar stills using different methods. So this work focuses
on the productivity enhancement of solar still by decreasing the shadow effect for
maximum utilization of solar radiation by using conical solar still. A conical solar still
will be manufactured & its performance will study by using parameters like depth of
water in basin, day time, basin water temperature, heat transfer coefficient, solar
radiation, etc. To improve performance of conical solar still the Nano fluid of copper
oxide will added to basin water in % of 0.05 to 0.1. The performance of solar still will
be compared with & without Nano fluids. The Yield per hour will be measured & daily
efficiency will have been calculated.
 INTRODUCTION
• Need Of Pure Water
• Various Methods
• Solar Energy
• Solar Still
• Nanofluid
PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF
SOLAR STILL
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Low Efficiency Of Conventional Solar Still
• Low yield
• Less Solar Radiation Absorption time
• Low Evaporation Rate of basin water
 OBJECTIVES
In this project, aim is to be identify the method to improve thermal efficiency of solar
still by decreasing shadow effect & to increase the time for absorption of solar
radiation. Also the parameters which affect the productivity of solar still are studied. To
identify the way by which rate of evaporation will be increased.
Objectives of this project are,
• To study various parameter affecting productivity of solar still.
• To manufacture conical solar still setup for experimental study.
• To study productivity of solar still performance considering various parameters.
• To study effect of nano-fluid on performance of solar still
• To calculate daily efficiency of solar still.
 METHODOLOGY
1. Design of Experimental setup
2. Fabrication of Experimental Setup
3. To carry out experimentation
4. Calculate required values of Efficiency, Heat Transfer coefficient
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sr.No Publication Author Paper name Review

1 Elsevier H.E. Gad et al. Thermal analysis of Compared performance of

a conical solar still conical solar still with
performance: an conventional solar still
experimental Study having same base area &
angle of tilt of 310.
Results show that the
daily productivity of
3.38L/m2 & 1.93L/m2 for
conical & conventional
solar still respectively.

2 Elsevier Basel I. Ismail Design and designed & manufactured

performance of a a transportable
transportable hemispherical solar still.
hemispherical solar The daily productivity of
still water was in range of
2.8L/m2 .
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sr.No Publication Author Paper name Review
3 Solar energy Badawi W. Tleimat et Comparision of did comparison of
society conference al plastic and glass plastic & glass
paper condensing condensing covers for
covers for solar solar distillers. It was
distillers. found that the
productivity of plastic
cover still is less than
that of glass cover still.
4 International M. Koilraj Gnanadason Effect of manufactured a solar still
Journals of et al. Nanofluids in a with tilt angle 320.The
Advanced vaccum single carbon nanotubes were
Engineering basin solar still. used as nanofluid to
Research and increase heat transfer. The
studies. average daily output was
found to be 4 liters/day. .
Efficiency of still
increased by 50% due to
Nano fluids.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sr.No Publication Author Paper name Review

5 Elsevier A.E Kabeel et al. Enhancement of did design, fabrication of

modified solar still two solar stills of same
integrated with specifications. One is
external condenser conventional & other is
using nanofluids: modified (Vacuum +
An experimental Nano fluids) solar still.
Approach Efficiency increased by
76% due to both vacuum
& Nano fluids.

6 volume 2, Int. J. Regil Baduscm, A & T V Performance compared the actual

Mech. Eng. & Rob. Arjunan analysis of single experimental results of
Res. slope solar still single slope solar still
with simulation results
from Computational Fluid
Dynamics
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTAL SET UP

Line Diagram

1. Glass Frame 2. Base Frame

3. Temperature Indicator 4. Measuring Flask
 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
• Angle of Tilt :-
The optimum angle of tilt (β) is given by,

Hb= Hg- Hd
Also, declination angle δ is calculated by using equation,
δ = 23.45 sin [ (360/365)(284+n)]
where n is day of the year.
= Lattitude of Pune 18.55°
 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Table: Angle of tilt calculation
Hb*tan(Φ-
Month Hg Hd Hb=Hg-Hd Δ N Φ-δ tan(Φ-δ)
δ)
JAN 6.74 5.33 1.41 -21.26 15 40.21 0.84 1.1844
FEB 7.22 6.2 1.02 -13.28 46 31.83 0.62 0.6324
MAR 6.5 6.82 0.32 -2.81 74 21.36 0.39 0.1248
APR 6.39 7.22 0.83 9.41 105 9.14 0.16 0.1328
MAY 7.04 7.3 0.26 18.79 135 -0.24 0.0041 0.001066
JUN 3.7 5.47 1.77 23.31 166 -4.76 0.0832 0.147264
JUL 2.14 4.72 2.58 21.51 196 -2.96 0.051 0.13158
AUG 2.15 4.42 2.27 13.78 227 4.77 0.0834 0.189318
SEP 4.19 5.35 1.16 2.216 258 16.334 0.29 0.3364
OCT 6.03 5.73 0.3 -9.599 288 28.149 0.53 0.159
NOV 6.5 5.34 1.16 -19.45 319 38 0.78 0.9048
DEC 6.75 5.11 1.64 -23.33 349 41.88 0.89 1.4596
∑Hb= 14.72 ∑( Hb*tan(Φ-δ))= 5.403428

tanβ= 5.40342814.72
β= 20.13° ≈20°
 DESIGN
• BASE PLATE:
 DESIGN
• GLASS FRAME:
 DESIGN
• SOLAR STILL ASSEMBLY:
 MATERIAL SELECTION
 To prepare any machine part, the type of material should be properly selected,
considering design and safety.

 For selection of the material the following factors are consider.

•Suitability of the material for the required components.

•Availability of materials

•Cost of the materials.

 Following material is selected:

•The material for base plate selected is Mild steel.
•The PV glass is selected as glass material.
ACTUAL MODEL

Actual Photograph of Experimental Setup

 NANOFLUID

 Nanofluid Description:
• The Copper oxide is nano-fluid used since it is having
more thermal conductivity value than other materials.
• The nano-fluid is prepared by two way method.
• The nano-fluid added in % of 0.05% & 0.1% .
 RESULT

Daily Yield for various water depth & nano-fluid %

Daily Yield ( Lit/day)

Depth
Sr. No. of 1%
water No NF 0.05% NF
NF

1 1 cm 2.19 2.45 2.80

2 3 cm 1.45 1.59 1.89
3 5 cm 1.19 1.30 1.46
 RESULT
Daily Efficiency for various water depth & % of
Nano fluid
Daily Efficiency %
Depth of
Sr. No.
water
No NF 0.05% NF 1% NF

1 1 cm 9.74 10.54 13.43

2 3 cm 6.64 7.51 9.56

3 5 cm 5.16 6.08 6.65

 YEARLY PLAN OF PROJECT
ACTIVITY
Task Month
  MAY-20
JUL-19 AUG-19 SEP-19 OCT-19 NOV-19 DEC-19 JAN-20 FEB-20 MAR-20 APR-20
Jun-20
1 Group                      Jun-20
Formation
2 Topic •                      
Selection
3 Project                      
Registration
4 Data Collection                      
And Literature
Survey
5 Design                      

6 Project                      
Review-I
7 Visit                      
8 Fabrication                      
9 Testing And                      
Verification
Of Result
10 Participation In                      
Project
Presentation
11 Submission                      JuJune
Of Project

Planned Completed
 CONCLUSION
• The stress analysis and thermal analysis shows that for given load & temperature the
selected material is safe.
• It is observed that basin water temperature, heat transfer coefficient, productivity will be
increases with increase in ambient temperature for constant water depth & Nano fluid.
• Also as % of Nano fluid increases the productivity of solar still increases for 0%, 0.05%,
and 0.1% for water depth of 1cm water obtain is 2.19 lit, 2.45 lit, 2.89 lit respectively.
• As depth of water increases the amount of productivity decreases. For 1 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm
water depth and for no Nano fluid % the productivity of solar still observed to be 2.19 lit,
1.45 lit, 1.19 lit. respectively.
• The maximum productivity observed when water depth is low & Nano fluid is
maximum. Maximum productivity observed to be 2.89 lit/day.
 FUTURE SCOPE
• Productivity can be further increased by
1. Using nanofluid of higher thermal conductivity such as Carbon nanotube
2. Use of Thermal Storage Medium
3. In existing setup water can be heated externally using external source like water
heater, parabolic collector etc.
4. The pressure inside still can be decreased by providing vacuum
5. The glass temperature can be decreased by using external fan
 REFERENCES
• H. E. Gad, Sh Shams, El- Din, A. A. Hussein, Kh. Ramzy, “Thermal analysis of a conical solar still
performance: An experimental Study”, Solar Energy 122, 2015, 900-909

• Badawi W. Tleimat, Everett Howe, “Comparison of plastic & glass covers for solar still distillers”, Solar
Energy, Volume 2, 1969.

• Basel I. Ismail, “Design and performance of a transportable hemispherical solar still”, Renewable Energy,
2009, 145-150.

• M. Koilraj Gnanadason, P. Senthil Kumar, S.Rajakumar, M H. Syed Yousuf, “Effect of Nano fluids in a
vacuum single basin solar still”, Studies International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research., Volume
I, 2011, 171-177.

• A.E. Kabeel, Z.M. Omara, F.A. Essa, “Enhancement of modified solar still Integrated with external
condenser using Nano fluids: An experimental approach”, Energy conversion & management, 2014, 78,
493-498

• Regil Baduscm, A & T V Arjunan, “Performance analysis of single slope solar still”, volume 2, Int. J.
Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013.
THANK YOU